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沼蟾科

沼蟾屬
東方沼蟾
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 两栖纲 Amphibia
目: 无尾目 Anura
科: 沼蟾科 Heleophrynidae
諾布爾英语Gladwyn Kingsley Noble, 1931
属: 沼蟾屬 Heleophryne
斯克莱特, 1898

納塔爾沼蟾 Hadromophryne natalensis
Heleophryne depressa
Heleophryne hewitti
東方沼蟾 Heleophryne orientalis
珀塞爾沼蟾 Heleophryne purcelli
勒吉沼蟾 Heleophryne regis
羅斯沼蟾 Heleophryne rosei

沼蟾的分佈(圖中黑色部分)

沼蟾科,又名魔蟾科泥蟾科,隸屬於無尾目下的一個,通常稱之為幽靈蛙。沼蟾科轄下有兩個,分別是沼蟾屬(Heleophryne)和Hadromophryne,下再分成七個。幽靈蛙棲息於南非山中的急流附近。“幽靈蛙”這個名字可能源自於人們在南非開普敦桌山骷髏峽谷(Skeleton Gorge)的溪流發現它們。[1]

生理

[编辑]

幽靈蛙已演化出適應周邊有亂石有溪流的環境。幽靈蛙體型在蛙類中算是中等大小,有6厘米(2.4英寸)長,身體平滑,這可使它們爬入岩石的裂縫中躲藏。另外,腳趾上有大型的吸盤,這可以幫助它們抓緊岩石。其蝌蚪的口器也演化出吸盤,可使它們固定在溪流底部的石頭,不至於被水流沖走,甚至吃東西時仍會吸住石頭。[1]

生物分類

[编辑]

幽靈蛙與生活於塞舌爾塞舌蛙澳大利亞的龜蛙有親緣關係。

科:沼蟾科(Heleophrynidae)

  • 屬:Hadromophryne Van Dijk, 2008
    • 納塔爾沼蟾(Hadromophryne natalensis Hewitt, 1913
  • 屬:沼蟾屬(Heleophrynus Sclater, 1898
    • Heleophryne depressa FitzSimons, 1946
    • Heleophryne hewitti Boycott, 1988
    • 東方沼蟾(Heleophryne orientalis FitzSimons, 1946
    • 珀塞爾沼蟾(Heleophryne purcelli Sclater, 1898
    • 勒吉沼蟾(Heleophryne regis Hewitt, 1910
    • 羅斯沼蟾(Heleophryne rosei Hewitt, 1925

EDGE瀕危物種

[编辑]

在2008年1月21日,进化特殊的全球濒危物種組織英语EDGE of Existence programme(簡稱EDGE)找出了自然界中“最離奇”、“最美妙”和“最瀕危”的物種,並指出:“EDGE的兩棲動物是地球上最值得注意和最獨特的物種,可是前100名中有85%的物種正遭受棲息地減少或無棲息地的境況。” 其中,幽靈蛙在EDGE中被列入前10名。[2][3][4]

參考資料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Zweifel, Richard G. Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G. , 编. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. 1998: 104–105. ISBN 0-12-178560-2. 
  2. ^ Reuters, Giant newt, tiny frog identified as most at risk. [2011-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-20). 
  3. ^ guardian.co.uk, Drive to save weird and endangered amphibians. [2011-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2010-08-21). 
  4. ^ guardian.co.uk/environment, Gallery: the world's strangest amphibians. [2011-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2012-04-16). 
  • Cogger, H.G.; R.G. Zweifel, and D. Kirschner. Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians Second Edition. Fog City Press. 2004. ISBN 1-877019-69-0. 
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沼蟾科
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