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汗液

手臂上的汗珠

汗液,或,是由高等动物透過汗腺所分泌出的液體。汗的分泌受到植物性神经系统调节。

汗液的作用

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  • 降温:在汗腺排出汗液的过程中,汗液的排出和蒸发帮助生物带走大量的热量,达到散热的目的;
  • 保护:湿润皮肤、软化角质,酸化并抑制细菌
  • 排泄:排出體內廢物。

主要成分

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汗液98-99%的成分主要是水,其比重约介于1.002-1.003之间,pH值4.2~7.5。其余1~2%,NaCl约300mg每百毫升,少量尿素、乳酸、脂肪酸、和其他类(镁盐、铁盐等)。[1]

在人体生理中,小汗腺分泌的汗液,主要包括水、氯离子、钠离子、钾离子、钙离子、尿素乳酸氨基酸等;大汗腺分泌的汗液,除了水之外,主要有鐵离子、脂質(中性脂肪、脂肪酸胆固醇及类脂质),还可能有气味物质、荧光物质。[2]

中医观点

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在中医学上认为:

  • 汗系人体内津液所化生,通过卫气的调节从汗孔而排泄。《灵枢·决气》:“汗出溱溱,是谓津。”
  • 发汗有散热和调节体温的作用。《素问·生气通天论》:“体若燔炭,汗出而散。”
  • 汗与血液有密切关系,由于“心主血”,汗是津液所化生,故称“汗为心之液”,并有“夺血者无汗,夺汗者无血”之说(《灵枢·营卫生会》)。

相关中医概念

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  • 盗汗:入睡后异常出汗的中医概念。
  • 无汗:时而不出汗的中医概念。

参考文献

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  1. ^ 存档副本. [2021-04-20]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-22). 
  2. ^ Wilke, K.; Martin, A.; Terstegen, L.; Biel, S. S. (June 2007). "A short history of sweat gland biology". International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 29 (3): 169–179. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2007.00387.x. ISSN 1468-2494. PMID 18489347. S2CID 205556581.

参见

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外部連結

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汗液
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