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水力

位于中国长江三峡大坝; 该水电站是世界上最大装机容量的水电站。
位于美国的聖安東尼瀑布; 水力曾经被用在这里磨面粉。

水力(hydropower,water power)又称水能,是天然水流蕴藏的位能和动能等能源的统称,蕴藏量取决于水流的流量与落差。采用某些技术措施,可将水能转化为机械能电能,即人類容易利用的能源,例如水力發電的过程。

水力資源或称水能资源,则是由流體含有的能量来源的天然資源或自然能源,是一种可再生资源。自古以来,人类就使用各种形式的水车等工具利用水利资源里的可再生能源,进行农田灌溉和各种机械装置的操作,例如面粉厂锯木厂,织布,码头起重机升降机矿石磨等。

从19世纪末期开始,人类开始建造水电站利用水利资源发电。在诺森伯兰郡的克拉格塞德是第一个住宅于1878年以水力发电供电[1],而第一个商用水力发电厂在尼亚加拉大瀑布于1879年建成。 在1881年,在尼亚加拉瀑布城的路灯是由水力发电供电。

自20世纪初,水力资源这个术语已被用于几乎完全结合水力发电的现代化发展。国际机构例如世界银行检视水电作为促进经济发展的手段而无需添加大量的碳到大气中[2],但在某些情况下有大坝的环境问题[3]

水力資源的水能蕴藏在河流的水位落差和流量,其數值成正比例。單位數為電力常用的千瓦馬力

此外,自然的水力資源還有來自潮汐海浪流體力學

現時,人類十分依賴非再生能源,所以水力資源多數有待開發。

实际应用

参阅


参考资料

  1. ^ Cragside Visitor Information. The National Trust. [16 July 2015]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-29). 
  2. ^ Howard Schneider. World Bank turns to hydropower to square development with climate change. The Washington Post. 8 May 2013 [9 May 2013]. (原始内容存档于2013-07-22). 
  3. ^ Nikolaisen, Per-Ivar . "12 mega dams that changed the world (in Norwegian)页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)" In English页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Teknisk Ukeblad, 17 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.

外部链接

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水力
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