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氨解.
氨解(英語:ammonolysis)是指卤代烃、羧酸、酸酐、酯及酰氯等化合物在氨作用下生成胺和酰胺类化合物的反应。这个反应可在浓氨水、液氨或氨的醇溶液中进行。
- 卤化烃的氨解也称胺化,得到的是伯胺、仲胺、叔胺及季铵盐的混合物。
![{\displaystyle {\rm {\ R\!-\!X\ {\xrightarrow {NH_{3))}\ R\!-\!NH_{2}\ +\ R_{2}NH\ +\ R_{3}N\ (+\ R_{4}^{+}NX^{-})))}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f4ebaee30c2e2e1d74a23158f20f437201e6b68b)
- 羧酸的氨解可以用氨、碳酸铵或尿素作为试剂,反应先生成羧酸铵盐,然后羧酸铵盐加热分解为酰胺。
![{\displaystyle {\rm {\ R\!-\!COOH+NH_{3}\rightleftharpoons R\!-\!COONH_{4}\rightleftharpoons R\!-\!CONH_{2}+H_{2}O))}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/31faa669228b1ba4627c547622ceb968bb075717)
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