For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for
氧化数.
氧化数(英文:Oxidation number)用来表示化合物中,所有配体及电子对都被去掉后,中心原子所带的电荷数。[1]氧化数这个概念被用于无机化学命名法中。标明氧化数使用罗马数字,并且省略正氧化数的正号。书写时既可以将氧化数写成上标标在元素符号后面,如 FeIII,也可将氧化数写在括号内标在元素名称后面,如铁(III),元素名称与括号之间不留空格。
氧化数通常在数值上等于氧化态。但在有些情况下,配体不如中心原子电负性强(如铱膦配合物),因此氧化数与氧化态不相等。
將鍵結電子分配給電負度較大的元素時,原子所得失的電子數,若得到電子,則氧化數為負;若失去電子,氧化數為正
- 元素態的物質,氧化數為零。 Ex: Na(0)、Cl2(0)
- 單原子離子的氧化數為其所帶的電荷數。 Ex: Fe3+(+3)、Zn2+(+2)
- 化合物中,F恆為-1,1A恆為+1,2A恆為+2。 Ex: NaCl(Na為+1)、HF(F為-1)
- 氫的氧化數:
非金屬氫化物,氫為+1。 Ex:H2O(H為+1)、CH4(H為+1)
金屬氫化物,氫為-1。 Ex: NaH(H為-1)、LiH(H為-1)
- 氧的氧化數:
一般氧化物,氧為-2 。Ex: CO2(O為-2)、H2O(O為-2)
過氧化物,氧為-1。 Ex: H2O2(O為-1)、Na2O2(O為-1)
超氧化物,氧為-1/2。 Ex: KO2(O為-1/2)、CsO2(O為-1/2)
- 化合物中,各元素的氧化數總和為0。 Ex: H2SO4(S為+6)
- 多原子離子中,各元素的氧化數總和等於離子的電荷值。 Ex: MnO4-(Mn為+7)
- ^ IUPAC. "oxidation number". Compendium of Chemical Terminology. Internet edition.
{{bottomLinkPreText}}
{{bottomLinkText}}
This page is based on a Wikipedia article written by
contributors (read/edit).
Text is available under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
{{current.index+1}} of {{items.length}}
Thanks for reporting this video!
This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you're using HTTPS Everywhere or you're unable to access any article on Wikiwand, please consider switching to HTTPS (https://www.wikiwand.com).
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you are using an Ad-Blocker, it might have mistakenly blocked our content.
You will need to temporarily disable your Ad-blocker to view this page.
✕
This article was just edited, click to reload
Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}
Follow Us
Don't forget to rate us
Oh no, there's been an error
Please help us solve this error by emailing us at
support@wikiwand.com
Let us know what you've done that caused this error, what browser you're using, and whether you have any special extensions/add-ons installed.
Thank you!