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氢溴酸

氢溴酸
识别
CAS号 10035-10-6  checkY
PubChem 260
ChemSpider 255
SMILES
 
  • Br
InChI
 
  • 1/BrH/h1H
InChIKey CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYAZ
EINECS 233-113-0
ChEBI 47266
RTECS MW3850000
性质
化学式 HBr
摩尔质量 80.91 g·mol⁻¹
外观 无色液体
密度 不定
熔点 根据浓度不同而有变化
沸点 根据浓度不同而有变化
溶解性 水溶液
pKa −9
危险性
警示术语 R:R34, R37
安全术语 S:S1/2, S7/9, S26, S45
欧盟分类 腐蚀性 (C)
NFPA 704
0
3
0
 
闪点 不可燃
相关物质
其他阴离子 氢氟酸氢氯酸氢碘酸
相关化学品 溴化氢
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氢溴酸溴化氢的水溶液,其pKa为−9,酸性比盐酸强,但比氢碘酸弱。它是最强无机酸之一。

室温下饱和氢溴酸的浓度为68.85%(质量比),恒沸混合物中含47.38%质量HBr,沸点126°C。

化學性質

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氫溴酸是強電解質,因此也是強

HBr+H2O→H3O++Br-

用途

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氢溴酸主要被用于生产无机溴化物,清除醇盐和酚盐,取代反应中取代羟基,以及与烯烃加成。它也可以催化矿物提取和某些烷基化反应。[1]

合成

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实验室中可由Br2SO2和水反应,非氧化性酸(磷酸乙酸)与溴化物反应,[2]或将无水HBr溶于水制取氢溴酸。

工业上氢溴酸是通过水、溴和反应或电解法[2]来制取的。

参考资料

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  1. ^ Carlin, W. W. U.S. Patent 4,147,601页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Scott, A. (1900) Preparation of pure hydrobromic acid. J. Chem. Soc. Trans., 648-650.

外部链接

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氢溴酸
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