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歐鰱

歐鰱
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 辐鳍鱼綱 Actinopteri
目: 鲤形目 Cypriniformes
科: 雅罗鱼科 Leuciscidae
属: 歐雅魚属 Squalius
种:
歐鰱 S. cephalus
二名法
Squalius cephalus
Linnaeus, 1758
異名
  • Leuciscus cephalus

歐鰱學名Squalius cephalus)是雅羅魚科的一種淡水。它們經常游到歐洲緩慢水流的河流運河中。

分佈

歐鰱分佈在安道爾亞美尼亞奧地利阿塞拜疆白俄羅斯比利時波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那保加利亞捷克愛沙尼亞芬蘭法國格魯吉亞德國希臘匈牙利伊朗義大利哈薩克斯坦拉脫維亞立陶宛摩爾多瓦荷蘭挪威波蘭葡萄牙羅馬尼亞俄羅斯塞爾維亞與蒙特內哥羅斯洛伐克西班牙瑞典瑞士土耳其烏克蘭英國[1]

特徵

本魚體粗壯,頭部又大又圓,身體呈長圓柱形,覆蓋著巨大的綠棕色鱗片,背部邊緣有黑色的窄帶,側面呈淺金色,腹部較淺,尾巴是深棕色或黑色,背鰭是灰綠色,其他魚鰭橙紅色,背鰭有3個棘和7-9條軟條,臀鰭有3個棘和7-10條軟條,體長可達60公分[2],體重可達8公斤、壽命可達22年。

生態

主要棲息在流動緩慢的河川及湖泊淺水處,幼魚成群活動,成魚通常單獨活動,以甲殼類、小魚、青蛙、小型哺乳類及水鳥等為食[3],繁殖期為5月至9月,雌魚在礫石基質上方快速流動的水中產卵,但很少在水下植被中產卵。雌魚在一個季節內產卵不只一次,每隻雌魚都會與幾隻雄性交配。雌魚產下淡黃色黏性卵,卵附著在流水中的礫石、雜草和石頭上。可作為食用魚及遊釣魚。

漁獵

歐鰱對垂釣者來說並不陌生,由於它們隨時都會覓食,故很易被釣起。就算是缺乏經驗的垂釣者也可以輕易釣起細小的歐鰱。當它們逐漸長大時,就會變得很怕羞,只要是聲音視覺的騷擾都會嚇走它們,並會躲到洞穴或樹根下。故此,重於2公斤的大歐鰱很多時都會時垂釣者的目標。除了天然的魚餌外,芝士、甜玉米、麪飽蚯蚓黃蜂幼蟲等都可以作為魚餌。

於2007年5月,英國就釣起了一條重4.2公斤的歐鰱。[4]

參考

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. Squalius cephalus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. [2010-07-19]. 
  2. ^ Rainer Froese; Daniel Pauly (编). Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) Chub. Fishbase. 2017 [3 December 2017]. 
  3. ^ Gutmann Roberts, Catherine; Bašić, Tea; Trigo, Fatima Amat; Britton, J. Robert. Trophic consequences for riverine cyprinid fishes of angler subsidies based on marine-derived nutrients (PDF). Freshwater Biology. 2017, 62 (5): 894–905. ISSN 1365-2427. S2CID 90349366. doi:10.1111/fwb.12910. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-03-09) (英语). 
  4. ^ Chub Record Broken - FishingMagic Catch Reports. (原始内容存档于2007-12-29). 

外部連結

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歐鰱
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