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歐洲康吉鰻

歐洲康吉鰻
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 辐鳍鱼綱 Actinopteri
目: 鰻鱺目 Anguilliformes
科: 康吉鳗科 Congridae
属: 康吉鰻屬 Conger
种:
歐洲康吉鰻 C. conger
二名法
Conger conger
異名
  • Anguilla conger (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Anguilla obtusa Swainson, 1839
  • Conger communis Costa, 1844
  • Conger niger (Risso, 1810)
  • Conger rubescens Ranzani, 1840
  • Conger verus Risso, 1827
  • Conger vulgaris Yarrell, 1832
  • Leptocephalus candidissimus Costa, 1832
  • Leptocephalus conger (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Leptocephalus gussoni Cocco, 1829
  • Leptocephalus inaequalis Facciolà, 1883
  • Leptocephalus lineatus Bonnaterre, 1788
  • Leptocephalus morrisii Gmelin, 1789
  • Leptocephalus pellucidus (Couch, 1832)
  • Leptocephalus spallanzani Risso, 1810
  • Leptocephalus stenops Kaup, 1856
  • Leptocephalus vitreus Kölliker, 1853
  • Muraena conger Linnaeus, 1758
  • Muraena nigra Risso, 1810
  • Ophidium pellucidum Couch, 1832
  • Ophisoma obtusa (Swainson, 1839)

歐洲康吉鰻(學名:Conger conger)是康吉鰻屬的一種魚類,原產於大西洋東北部,從冰島挪威塞內加爾地中海黑海海域,深度0至1171公尺,體長可達3米,重可達110千克,是世界上體型最大的鰻魚

形態

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歐洲康吉鰻體延長,尾部側扁漸細,沒有魚鱗,體色通常是灰色,但也可能是黑色,腹部是白色,沿側線有一排小白點沿,頭部幾乎呈圓錐形,略為凹陷。口鼻部圓形且突出,側面有嗅孔,大的鰓孔位於側邊,錐形齒在鉗口上成排排列,背鰭和臀鰭與尾鰭匯合,有胸鰭,但沒有腹鰭。成魚體長平均約1.5米(4英尺11英寸),最長可達3米(9英尺10英寸),最重可達110公斤(240英磅)[2]鯙科的一些物種比它要長,但沒有它重[3]。雌歐洲康吉鰻體型最大,平均長度可達2米(6英尺7英寸),而雄鰻則為1.2米(3英尺11英寸)[4]

習性

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和一條鯙生活在一個洞穴裡的歐洲康吉鰻

它藏身于岩礁洞穴中,可能會與其他鰻魚共同生活,夜間出來覓食,食物主要為其他小魚、軟體動物及甲殼動物,但也有食腐傾向[5]。當個體在5至15歲之間時,它們的身體會轉變,雄魚和雌魚的生殖器官都會增大,骨骼質量會減少,牙齒會脫落。雌魚的體重和體型似乎比雄魚增加得更多。雌性鰻魚可產下數百萬顆卵,卵孵化後,幼體開始游回較淺的水域,在那裡生活直到成熟,然後它們會遷移以重複這個循環[6]。對人類具有攻擊性,大型個體可能對潛水員構成危險[7]

經濟利用

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可做為食用魚、遊釣魚及觀賞魚。

圖片

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Conger conger. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013. [15 December 2014]. 
  2. ^ Conger conger. EOL Encyclopedia of Life. [11 May 2014]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-24). 
  3. ^ LOH, K., Hussein, M. A. S., Chong, V. C., & Sasekumar, A. (2015). Notes on the Moray Eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of Malaysia with Two New Records. Sains Malaysiana, 44(1), 41-47.
  4. ^ Matić-Skoko, S., Ferri, J., Tutman, P., Skaramuca, D., Đikić, D., Lisičić, D., ... & Skaramuca, B. (2012). The age, growth and feeding habits of the European conger eel, Conger conger (L.) in the Adriatic Sea. Marine Biology Research, 8(10), 1012-1018.
  5. ^ Conger Eel. BritishSeaFishing.co.uk. [9 May 2014]. (原始内容存档于2014-06-27). 
  6. ^ Conger Eel - Conger conger. Marlin.ac.uk. [9 May 2014]. 
  7. ^ Conger eel attack: Shocking picture of diver's injuries after two-metre creature bites chunk out of his face. 12 July 2013. 

外部連接

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歐洲康吉鰻
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