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歐拉函數 (複變函數)

此條目需要精通或熟悉数学的编者参与及协助编辑。 (2010年11月15日)請邀請適合的人士改善本条目。更多的細節與詳情請參见討論頁。另見其他需要数学專家關注的頁面
複數平面上歐拉函數φ的絕對值,黑色部份的值為0,紅黑色部份的值為4

數學上,歐拉函數的定義如下

此函數得名由萊昂哈德·歐拉。歐拉函數是典型的q級數模形式函數,也是描述组合数学複分析之間關係的典型範例。

性質

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歐拉函數的的倒數展開成形式幂級數,其對應的係數恰好是k的分割函數,亦即

其中為k的分割函數

五邊形數定理是一個有關歐拉函數的恆等式,其定理如下:

其中廣義五邊形數

依拉馬努金恆等式(Ramanujan identity),歐拉函數和戴德金η函數有以下的關係:

其中nome英语nome (mathematics)的平方。

上述二個函數都有模群英语modular group下的對稱性。

參照

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參考資料

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歐拉函數 (複變函數)
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