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樹突狀細胞

樹突細胞
海洋分枝桿菌感染導致蘭格漢氏細胞大量聚集
樹突細胞的電腦模型
基本信息
发育自造血幹細胞
系統免疫系統
标识字符
拉丁文cellula dendritiformis
MeSHD003713
THH1.00.01.0.00038
FMAFMA:83036
解剖學術語

樹突細胞(英語:dendritic cell,簡稱DC)又稱樹状細胞樹突細胞,是一種存在於哺乳動物的一種白血球。它存在於血液和暴露於環境中的組織中,如皮膚和鼻子、肺、胃和小腸的上皮組織。它們的作用是調節對當前環境刺激的先天和後天免疫反應。[1]它最重要的功能是將抗原處理後呈遞給免疫系統的T細胞,故是一種抗原呈递细胞

它們通常少量分布於與外界接觸的皮膚與黏膜部位,皮膚處特稱為蘭格漢氏細胞,黏膜處則為鼻子的內襯上皮。血液中也可發現他們的未成熟型式。他們被活化時,會移至淋巴結T細胞B細胞互相作用,進行初步的活性化,以刺激與控制適當的免疫反應

在一段成長過程中他們長出樹枝狀的突起,原文dendrite來自希臘文 δενδρίτηςdendrítis,與樹有關的),意指樹狀的細胞,與神經元樹突的名稱同源。然而,儘管神經元也有相似的部位,但樹突細胞與神經元間並無特殊關聯。未成熟的樹狀細胞(iDC)亦稱隱蔽細胞(veiled cell),不若樹枝狀的突起,它們具有吞噬功能。

歷史

樹狀細胞最早於1868被保罗·兰格尔翰斯發現,當時他依據樹突般的突起,將樹狀細胞視作神經元的一種[2],直到1973年,才由皮膚科醫師Inga Silberberg指出這種細胞是在免疫中發揮功用[3][4]。同年,拉尔夫·斯坦曼和赞威尔·A·科恩兩人首次以「dendritic cells」一詞稱呼這種細胞[5],「樹突細胞」之名遂由此伊始。为表彰斯坦曼對研究树突状细胞於後天免疫系統中作用的貢獻,他被授予2007年的拉斯克奖基础医学研究奖[6]和2011年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖(与布鲁斯·博伊特勒朱尔·奥夫曼分享)。[7]

参考文献

  1. ^ Dendritic cells - Latest research and news. Nature. [2020-04-30]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-24). 
  2. ^ Jolles, S. Paul Langerhans. Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2002, 55: 243. 
  3. ^ Silberberg, I. Apposition of mononuclear cells to langerhans cells in contact allergic reactions. An ultrastructural study. Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1973, 53: 1–12. PMID 4120802. 
  4. ^ Harman, A. N.; Kim, M.; Nasr, N.; Sandgren, K. J.; Cameron, P. U. Tissue dendritic cells as portals for HIV entry. Reviews in Medical Virology. 2013, 23 (5): 319–333. PMID 23908074. doi:10.1002/rmv.1753. 
  5. ^ Steinman, R. M.; Cohn, Z. A. Identification of a novel cell type in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice. I. Morphology, quantitation, tissue distribution. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1973, 137 (5): 1142–1162. PMC 2139237可免费查阅. PMID 4573839. doi:10.1084/jem.137.5.1142. 
  6. ^ The Lasker Foundation - 2007 Awards. [2010-11-27]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-22). 
  7. ^ Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2011". [2011-10-30]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-12). 

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樹突狀細胞
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