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極性集

數學中,極性集是位勢論裡的一個重要概念,地位有比零測度集之於測度論,極性集合在位勢論中也代表一類特別「小」的集合,通常可以忽略不計。

定義

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裡的極性集可以如下定義:是極性集若且唯若存在非常數的次調和函數,使得

的情形,可以用容度定義極性:集合被稱作極性的(polar),當且僅當它的容度為零。

若將定義中的次調和函數改為多重次調和函數,得到的集合稱作多重極性集

性質

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  • 中的單點集合是極性的
  • 可數個極性集的聯集也是極性的
  • 極性集在中的勒貝格測度為零
  • 極性集必然是完全非連通

最後兩點並非充分條件,例如康托爾集合測度為零而且完全非連通,但它不是極性的。

延伸阅读

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  • J. L. Doob. Classical Potential Theory and Its Probabilistic Counterpart, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, ISBN 3-540-41206-9.
  • L. L. Helms (1975). Introduction to potential theory. R. E. Krieger ISBN 0-88275-224-3.
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極性集
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