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检籍.
检籍是指中國南北朝時,劉宋後期至南齐中期,江東政權推行的清检士籍的政策。
东晋以后,世族衰落,但是他们仍然保有许多特权。当时的世族均有籍状,籍上有名者即为世族。宋中期以后,许多人通过贿赂官员、冒充死亡等等来假造士籍使自己成为世族,这样使得国家的租调收入、役源短缺。故最早從461年,劉宋就開始把不合乎最低操守的士族貶黜為服役的將吏(與商人通婚或私下經商的士族),等於是開除其士族資格,學者認為這是「檢籍」的先聲。不過正式檢察偽造士籍的檢籍政策,是從宋明帝泰始三年(467年)開始的,當時記載,自467年至476年,揚州九郡的黃籍上,被檢查出詐註戶籍的就有七萬一千餘戶。
南齐在479年建国后為了增加直接控制的戶口,提高賦稅收入,擴大徭役的負擔面,更是大力推行检籍工作,规定以宋元嘉二十七年(450年)的户籍为准,凡不合格者,一律改正,称为“却籍”。齊高帝即位的第二年(建元二年,480年),專門設立校籍官,置令史,指派虞玩之主持黃籍的清查。齊武帝蕭頤即位後,繼續清查,鑑定士族的真偽。核查出本應服役納賦而戶籍上造假的,便恢復原來的戶籍,繼續承擔賦役,稱為「正」籍。後來甚至要把被卻籍者罰充遠戍。但是由于检籍官员贪污收賄,激起唐寓之率領民众起事,到490年齐武帝被迫下令停止。
- 唐長孺,〈士人蔭族特權和士族隊伍的擴大〉,《魏晉南北朝史論拾遺》(北京:中華書局,1983)
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