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梅鷟

梅鷟「鷟」,注音ㄓㄨㄛˊ;約1483年—1553年),字致齋,旌德七都(今屬安徽旌橋鄉梅家村)人。明代學者。

幼時與伯兄梅鶚同學,[1]正德八年(1513年)舉人,官南京國子監助教、鹽課司提舉。梅鷟曾撰《尚书谱》与《尚书考异》二書,[2]認為西汉所出《古文尚书》十六篇,及东晋梅賾所献之《古文尚书》二十五篇皆为伪作。[3]陳第曾作《尚書疏衍》駁斥梅鷟之說,陈第认定晋人所献者为真《古文尚书》,故力驳之。阎若璩認為梅鷟對《尚书》证伪方式過於武断。[4]梅氏最早指出《古文尚书·大禹谟》中的“人心惟危,道心惟微,惟精惟一,允执厥中”前三句實抄自《荀子》,“允执厥中”一句见於《论语·尧曰第二十》,[5]閻若璩著《尚书古文疏证》時沿用這個說法,實有抄襲之嫌。[6]另著有《尚書集瑩》、《春秋指要》、《周易集瑩》、《古易考原》、《儀禮翼經》、《大元圜注》、《童子問》等。[7]

注釋

[编辑]
  1. ^ 《江南通志》卷一六七稱:“梅鶚,……博綜群籍,為文援筆千言,滉洋浩博,譽重一時。未仕卒,弟鷟與鶚齊名。”
  2. ^ 《四库全书总目》于“《尚书谱》五卷”条下谓:“鷟因宋吴棫、朱子及元吴澄之说,作《尚书考异》及此书。《考异》引据颇精核。此则徒以空言诋斥,无所依据,如谓孔壁之十六篇,出于孔安国所为,实以臆断之,别无确证。”
  3. ^ 黄虞稷,《千顷堂书目》卷一“梅鷟《尚书谱》五卷”条下:“旌德人,正德癸酉举人,南京国子监助教,复官盐课司提举,力攻古文之伪。”
  4. ^ 尚書古文疏證》卷八第一百十九稱:“余讀《焦氏筆乗》,稱家有梅鷟《尚書譜》五卷,專攻古文《書》之偽,將版行之不果。……求其《譜》凡十載,得於友人黃虞稷家,急繕寫以來,讀之,殊武斷也。”《四库全书总目提要》于“《古易考原》三卷”条下亦稱:“明梅鷟撰……是书谓伏羲之易,已有文字。画卦在前,河图后出。伏羲但则之。以揲蓍大衍之数当为九十有九,以五十数为体,以四十九为用,无以中五乘十置一不用之理。论殊创辟。然于古无所授受,皆臆撰也。”
  5. ^ 梅鷟:《尚书考异》卷2,“人心惟危道心惟微惟精惟一允执厥中”条,第33页。
  6. ^ 閻氏辯稱:“余著此未匝月,而从弟自旌德归,授余以《县志》,有县人梅鹗百一者,正德丁丑进士,未仕卒。撰述颇夥,亦疑今、古文,亦谓“人心”、“道心”本出《道经》。”(阎若璩:《尚书古文疏证》卷2第三十一,第198页。)
  7. ^ 《旌德縣誌》卷八《文苑傳》稱:“梅鷟,號致齋,鶚之弟,正德癸酉舉人。幼與伯兄鶚同學。博聞強記,研析經義。所著有《尚書譜》、《尚書集瑩》、《尚書考異》、《春秋指要》、《周易集瑩》、《古易考原》、《儀禮翼經》、《大元圜注》、《童子問》等書,其旨多本於伯氏云。”
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梅鷟
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