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桩基础

打樁機(預應力混凝土樁)
撞擊式工字樁工程
大口徑鑽孔樁工程

桩基础简称桩基(英語:Pile foundation),是一种基础类型,主要用于地质条件较差或者建筑要求较高的情况。

分類

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按照基础的受力原理大致可分為摩擦樁和承載樁。

  • 摩擦樁(friction piles):系利用地層與基樁的摩擦力來承載構造物並可分為壓力樁及拉力樁,大致用於地層無堅硬之承載層或承載層較深。
  • 端承樁(point bearing piles):系使基樁座落於承載層上(岩盤上)使可以承載構造物。

按照施工方式可分为预制桩、灌注桩、大口徑鑽孔樁及撞擊式工字樁。

  • 预制桩:通过打桩机将预製的钢筋混凝土桩打入地下。优点是材料省,强度高,适用于较高要求的建筑,缺点是施工难度高,受机械数量限制施工时间长,而且不適用於填塘/填海而成的土地(以天頌苑短樁案為例,由於此等預製樁無法如同撞擊式工字樁,承托建於填塘地上的樓宇,是導致樓宇出現不平均沉降原因之一)。
  • 灌注桩:首先在施工场地上钻孔,当达到所需深度后将钢筋或工字鐵放入浇灌混凝土。优点是施工难度低,尤其是人工挖孔桩,可以不受机械数量的限制,所有桩基同时进行施工,大大节省时间,缺点是承载力低,费材料。
  • 大口徑鑽孔樁:施工方式類似灌注樁,但由於樁柱比灌注樁大,在預鑽後需進行挖掘,並將臨時套筒放入樁井,以進行擴底工序,確保樁柱可以將重量分散至基岩;在鋼筋籠置入樁井後,則移除臨時套筒,繼續餘下工序[1]
  • 撞擊式工字樁(打入樁):在預定位置上打入工字鐵;如工字樁長於12米,會在打入上一段樁柱後焊上下一段樁柱。撞擊式工字樁一般用於基岩較淺的土地。

參考資料

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  1. ^ 圓洲角短樁案-大口徑鑽孔樁工序. [2018-11-26]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-10). 
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桩基础
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