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林蜥屬

林蜥属
化石时期:312 Ma
石炭紀
原始爬行動物,萊氏林蜥
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行綱 Reptilia
演化支 真爬行動物 Eureptilia
演化支 卢默龙类 Romeriida
属: 林蜥属 Hylonumus
J. W. Dawson, 1860
模式種
萊氏林蜥
Hylonumus lyelli

J. W. Dawson, 1860
头骨重建图
复原图

林蜥屬學名Hylonomus)是種最早期的爬行動物,牠們生存於3億1200萬年前的石炭紀晚期[1]。到2006年為止,牠們是目前所能確認最早的爬行動物;西洛仙蜥(Westlothiana)更為古老,但應為兩棲類Casineria也更為古老,但化石破碎、難以鑑定。

林蜥与人的手掌的大小对比

林蜥身長大約20公分長(包括尾巴),而且外表應該相當接近現代蜥蜴。牠擁有銳利的小型牙齒,應該以早期昆蟲為生[2]

林蜥的化石是發現於加拿大新斯科細亞的Joggins地區。在19世紀中期,John William Dawson爵士發現這些化石。屬名意為「森林居住者」[3],種名是以William Dawson的老師,Charles Lyell爵士為名[1]。傳統上,林蜥被分類於原古蜥科。目前研究認為原古蜥科的關係比較接近雙孔亞綱[4]

林蜥的化石是發現於石松樹幹化石中,被推測在潮濕的氣候後,樹木倒塌,而林蜥可能進入中空樹幹後,無法離開而死。除了林蜥以外,新斯科細亞的Joggins地區還發現了原始盤龍目始祖單弓獸化石,但牠們的化石所屬地層較高,被推測大約晚了600萬年。

在加拿大新伯倫瑞克省發現的足跡化石,被歸類於林蜥,地質年代大約是3億1500萬年前[5][6]。在2002年,加拿大新斯科細亞將林蜥列為州化石。

參考資料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 van Tuinen, Marcel; Elizabeth A. Hadly. Error in Estimation of Rate and Time Inferred from the Early Amniote Fossil Record and Avian Molecular Clocks (PDF). Journal of Molecular Evolution. 2004, 59 (2): 267–276 [2009-09-02]. doi:10.1007/s00239-004-2624-9. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-06-28). 
  2. ^ Palmer, D. (编). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. 1999: 62. ISBN 1-84028-152-9. 
  3. ^ Genus Hylonomus Etymology. [2010-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2008-06-03). 
  4. ^ Muller, J. and Reisz, R.R. (2006). "The phylogeny of early eureptiles: Comparing parsimony and Bayesian approaches in the investigation of a basal fossil clade." Systematic Biology, 55(3):503-511. doi:10.1080/10635150600755396
  5. ^ Ancient reptile tracks unearthed页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - URL accessed October 22, 2007
  6. ^ Falcon-Lang, H.J., Benton, M.J. & Stimson, M. (2007): Ecology of early reptiles inferred from Lower Pennsylvanian trackways. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 164; no. 6; pp 1113-1118. article

外部連結

[编辑]
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林蜥屬
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