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李穆姜.
李氏(?年—?年),字穆姜,漢中南鄭人,東漢安眾令程祗之妻、司隸校尉李法的姊姊。[1][2]
李穆姜生有兩子程淮、程基,[3]程祗在任安眾令時去世,程祗前妻有四個兒子程興、程敦、程覲、程豫,[4]由於李穆姜不是他們生母,他們慢慢地嫌惡李穆姜。李穆姜卻對他們慈愛溫仁,給他們的衣物甚至多於自己的生子。有人見如此情景,便說:「那四個兒子對妳不孝,你何不遠離他們呢?」 李穆姜回答:「我想以『義』來引導他們,讓他們自己慢慢向善。」
直到前妻的長子程興生了重病,李穆姜因為天性,親自為他調理湯藥,烹飪食物,無微不至地照顧他。程興痊愈後,找來他的三個弟弟說:「後母的仁慈之心出自她的善良本性,我們無視後母養育之恩,我們的心如禽獸一般!後母恩重如山,我們的罪過太深重了!」是程興帶著三個弟弟來到南鄭的監獄,陳述李穆姜之恩,懺悔自己的過錯,主動請求法律制裁。縣府將此事告知郡守,郡守上書褒獎李穆姜,免除她家的徭役,免除對這四個兄弟的懲罰,讓他們自己從新改過。從此之後李穆姜的教育愈加賢明,兒子們也都成了優秀的士人。[5][6]程基官至南郡太守。[7]
李穆姜於八十多歲時去世。臨終前吩咐兒子們說:「我弟弟李伯度,是個見識通達的人。他對薄葬的道理很了解。臨死前的遺言,要合聖賢之法。你們必須遵守秉承,不要與世俗同,以免增加我的負擔。」於是兒子們遵從李穆姜之言。[8]
[在维基数据编辑]
- 《後漢書·卷84》,出自范晔《後漢書》
- ^ 《後漢書·列女傳》:漢中程文矩妻者,同郡李法之姊也,字穆姜。
- ^ 《華陽國志·卷十》:穆姜,安眾令程祗妻,司隸校尉李法姊也。
- ^ 《華陽國志·卷十》:穆姜生二子,淮、基。
- ^ 《華陽國志·卷十》:祗前妻有四子,興、敦、覲、豫。
- ^ 《後漢書·列女傳》:有二男,而前妻四子。文矩為安眾令,喪於官。四子以母非所生,憎毀日積,而穆姜慈愛溫仁,撫字益隆,衣食資供,皆兼倍所生。或謂母曰:「四子不孝甚矣,何不別居以遠之?」對曰:「吾方以義相導,使其自遷善也。」及前妻長子興遇疾困篤,母惻隱自然,親調藥膳,恩情篤密。興疾久乃瘳,於是呼三弟謂曰:「繼母慈仁,出自天受。吾兄弟不識恩養,禽獸其心。雖母道益隆,我曹過惡亦已深矣!」遂將三弟詣南鄭獄,陳母之德,狀己之過,乞就刑辟。縣言之於郡,郡守表異其母,蠲除家徭,遣散四子,許以修革。自後訓導愈明,並為良士。
- ^ 《家範·卷三》:及前妻長子興疾困篤,母惻隱,親自為調藥膳,恩情篤密。興疾久乃瘳,於是呼三弟謂曰:「繼母慈仁,出自天愛,吾兄弟不識恩養,禽獸其心。雖母道益隆,我曹過惡亦已深矣!」遂將三弟詣南鄭獄,陳母之德,狀己之過,乞就刑辟。縣言之於郡。郡守表異其母,蠲除家徭,遣散四子,許以修革。自後訓導愈明,並為良士。
- ^ 《華陽國志·卷十》:基字稚業,特雋逸,為南郡太守。
- ^ 《後漢書·列女傳》:穆姜年八十餘卒。臨終敕諸子曰:「吾弟伯度,智達士也。所論薄葬,其義至矣。又臨亡遺令,賢聖法也。令汝曹遵承,勿與俗同,增吾之累。」諸子奉行焉。
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