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朱謙 (撫寧伯).
朱謙(?—1452年),夏邑人,明朝將領。
永樂初,襲父職為中都留守左衛指揮僉事。洪熙年間(1425年),擔任陽武侯薛祿隸軍,征北有功,進指揮使。宣德元年(1426年),晉升爲都指揮僉事。正統六年,與參將王真巡哨至伯顏山,遇到瓦剌,并獲勝。之後在閔安山,遇兀良哈部,再次擊敗。升爲都指揮使。正統八年,升任右參將,守備萬全左衛。次年,與楊洪在克列蘇破兀良哈兵,進都督僉事,后再次升都督同知。土木堡之變時,也先挾持明英宗到宣府城下,令宣府開門。朱謙與參將紀廣、都御史羅亨信不應,也先遂去。之後升爲右都督。之後其與楊洪參加京師保衛戰,戰失利,兩人被彈劾,景帝均未批准。之後升任左都督,擔任總兵官,鎮守宣府[1]。
景泰元年(1451年),在關子口抵禦也先的四次連續進犯,不得不退兵,都督江福援救亦失利。朱謙不得不力戰抵禦。之後接連作戰,抵禦成功,論功封撫寧伯。當時,瓦剌意圖攻佔宣府、大同,認為兩城可旦夕取下。然而朱謙守宣府、郭登守大同,均屢次挫敗瓦剌進攻。也先認為兩城無法攻下,只好一意歸還被俘的明英宗。同年八月,英宗歸還,經過宣府,朱謙率子朱永出見,厚犒使者。次年二月,死於宣府,贈侯。子朱永襲。成化年間,謚武襄[2]。
- ^ 《明史》(卷173):“朱謙,夏邑人。永樂初,襲父職,為中都留守左衛指揮僉事。洪熙時,隸陽武侯薛祿,征北有功,進指揮使。宣德元年進萬全都指揮僉事。正統六年,與參將王真巡哨至伯顏山,遇寇擊走之。次閔安山,遇兀良哈三百騎,又敗之。追至莽來泉,寇越山澗遁去,乃還。時謙已遷都指揮同知,乃以為都指揮使。八年充右參將,守備萬全左衛。明年與楊洪破兀良哈兵於克列蘇,進都督僉事。所部發其不法事,帝以方防秋,宥之。復以北征功,進都督同知。帝北狩,也先擁至宣府城下,令開門。謙與參將紀廣、都御史羅亨信不應,遂去。進右都督。與楊洪入衛,會寇已退,追襲之近畿。戰失利,洪劾之。兵部並劾洪不救。景帝俱弗問。洪入總京營,廷議欲得如洪者代之,鹹舉謙。乃進左都督,充總兵官,鎮守宣府。”
- ^ 《明史》(卷173):“景泰元年四月,寇三百騎入石烽口,復由故道去,降敕切責。逾月,復入犯。謙率兵禦之,次關子口。寇數千騎突至,謙拒以鹿角,發火器擊之,寇少卻,如是數四。謙軍且退,寇復來追。都督江福援之,亦失利。謙卒力戰,寇不得入。六月復有二千騎南侵。謙遣都指揮牛璽等往禦,戰南坡。謙見塵起,率參將紀廣等馳援。自巳至午,寇敗遁。論功,封撫寧伯。是時,寇氣甚驕,屢擾宣府、大同,意二城且旦夕下。而謙守宣府,郭登守大同,數挫其眾。也先知二人難犯,始一意歸上皇。八月,上皇還。道宣府,謙率子永出見,厚犒其使者。既而謙謬報寇五千騎毀墻入。察之,則也先貢使也。詔切責之,謙惶恐謝。明年二月,卒於鎮。贈侯。子永襲。謙在邊久,善戰。然勇而寡謀,故其名不若楊洪、石亨、郭登之著。成化中,謚武襄。”
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