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本內蘇鐵目

本内苏铁目
化石时期:三疊紀漸新世
拟苏铁科植物化石
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
门: 拟苏铁门 Cycadeoidophyta
目: 本内苏铁目 Bennettitales

本內蘇鐵目(Bennettitales)是擬蘇鐵門(Cycadeoidophyta)下唯一一,其下所有植物都已經滅絕。這一類種子植物最早出現在三疊紀,絕大多數在白堊紀晚期滅絕[1],只有很少數在漸新世時還存活著。這部分幸存者的化石發現于澳大利亞東部及塔斯馬尼亞島上[2]

本內蘇鐵是中生代最常見的種子植物之一,其植株形態為灌木狀或如蘇鐵般的棕櫚狀。從外觀上看,本內蘇鐵的和蘇鐵類植物極為相似,其和蘇鐵的主要區別為更複雜的生殖器官,且其中一些可能是依靠昆蟲授粉的。[3]

其下有兩個科,擬蘇鐵科(Cycadeoidaceae)的植物有著短粗的樹幹,威氏蘇鐵科(Williamsoniaceae)的植物樹幹則更為細長。因爲傳粉方式具有很高的相似性,他們有時會被當作開花植物[1]。其化石中齊墩果烷的含量也指向相同結果[4]。但還有説法指該目植物與蘇鐵松柏銀杏有著更接近的特徵[5]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Speer, Brian R., 2000. Introduction to the Bennettitales页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (accessed 13 Oct 2005).
  2. ^ McLoughlin, S., Carpenter, R.J. & Pott, C., 2011. Ptilophyllum muelleri (Ettingsh.) comb. nov. from the Oligocene of Australia: Last of the Bennettitales? International Journal of Plant Sciences 172, 574–585.
  3. ^ Peñalver, Enrique; Arillo, Antonio; Pérez-de la Fuente, Ricardo; Riccio, Mark L.; Delclòs, Xavier; Barrón, Eduardo; Grimaldi, David A. Long-Proboscid Flies as Pollinators of Cretaceous Gymnosperms. Current Biology. 2015, 25 (14): 1917–1923. PMID 26166781. S2CID 13022302. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.062可免费查阅. 
  4. ^ Taylor, D. W.; Hongqi Li; Dahl, Jeremy; Fago, F. J.; Zinneker, D. & Moldowan, J. M. Biogeochemical evidence for the presence of the angiosperm molecular fossil oleanane in Paleozoic and Mesozoic non-angiospermous fossils. Paleobiology. 2006, 32 (2): 179–90 [2017-03-20]. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2006)32[179:BEFTPO]2.0.CO;2. (原始内容存档于2011-08-27). 
  5. ^ Crepet, W. L. Progress in understanding angiosperm history, success, and relationships: Darwin's abominably "perplexing phenomenon". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2000, 97 (24): 12939–41 [2017-03-20]. Bibcode:2000PNAS...9712939C. PMC 34068可免费查阅. PMID 11087846. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.24.12939. (原始内容存档于2007-11-03). 

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