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台基

台基是東亞傳統建築的基础部分,在地面之上,以下。单独时是一个高出地面的台子,与建筑物结合时即为建筑物的底座。台基四面多为砌筑,里面填土,表面铺砖石。[1]

台基主要有两大类:平台式和须弥座。台基可重合构成,为多层台基;连为一体,则组成联体台基;也可加入围护部分,为勾栏台基。[2]

组成部分

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台明

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台明为台基在建筑墙外或檐柱外,沿台基四周的室外部分。边沿多由条石砌成。

为了排水,台明一般做成内高外低的泛水,且短于上檐出,防止雨水倒流。台明(下檐出)不足于上檐出的部分称之为“回水”。

月台

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月台是台基的附属部分,为适应宗教仪轨和人群聚集而产生。高度普遍低于、长度也小于主体建筑的台基。

踏跺

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踏跺即由一高度至另一高度的阶梯,也叫踏步,俗称台阶。

栏杆

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栏杆是台基的围护部分。

参考

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  1. ^ 王其钧 (编). 中国建筑图解词典. 机械工业出版社. 2006. ISBN 9787111200956. 
  2. ^ 李建平 (编). 中国古建筑名词图解辞典. 山西科学技术出版社. 2011. ISBN 9787537731591. 
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台基
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