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會議廳 (清末)

會議廳,學界又稱行政會議廳,1907年起大清各省督撫衙署下設的行政合議機構,令省級各名大官及其幕職有了一個正式的政府內部議政場所,取替了過往督撫依賴幕客(私人性質,並非奏設官職)獻策再由督撫獨斷決策的模式。[1]

會議廳下設兩科,督撫掌任免大權。參事科研究政策,由省級各名大官及其幕職共十餘人組成;審查科審議各省諮議局呈報之決議案,由省級大官、法官及司法官僚、士紳共十餘人組成。[2][3]

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會議廳之設立與清末立憲運動清末新政適切相關。第一條相關法律條文是1907年7月《直省官制通則》。

代表士紳民意的諮議局所通過的決議案都必須由會議廳審查,但大清翰林院仕讀吳士鍳擔憂諮議局阻礙行政,1910年2月憲政編查館頒《议复吴士鉴奏请申明议案权限折》,指谘议局只是「谘议局只能任决议,而不能强迫督抚施行」。[4]憲政編查館在1910年9月《頒行各省會議廳規則折》擴大了督撫對會議廳的掌控,並明定會議廳的職責與架構。

引用文獻

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  1. ^ 关晓红(2007). 独断与合议:清末直省会议厅的设置及运作;历史研究,2007年06期,65-81頁.
  2. ^ 曽田三郎(1999). 清末省政治制度改革, 收錄於《近代の中国地方自治と国民統合に関する史的研究》(曽田三郎編), pp3-18.
  3. ^ 王樹槐(1978). 清末民初的江蘇省諮議局與省議會,國立台灣師範大學歷史學報,1978年第6期,313-333頁。
  4. ^ 《政治官报》第821号,1910年2月6日,第7-9页。
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會議廳 (清末)
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