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地景流行病學.
地景流行病學是研究疾病與環境因素之間的關係的科學。類似地景生態學，[1] 地景流行病學經由分析風險模型和環境風險因素，來控制疾病的傳播。[2]
歷史
1996年，葉甫根尼·帕夫洛夫斯基提出了微觀上的病原體由環境系統整體決定的理論。[3] 隨著地理信息系統和遙感等技術的發展，以及地景生態學的完善，地景流行病學已經可以應用在研究許多疾病（例如瘧疾、漢他病毒、萊姆病和恰加斯氏病）上。[4]
參考文獻
- ^ Kitron, U. "Landscape Ecology and Epidemiology of Vector-Borne Diseases: Tools for Spatial Analysis." Journal of Medical Entomology. 1998(35):435-445.
- ^ Pavlovsky, E.N. Natural Nidality of Transmissible Diseases, With Special Reference to the Landscape Epidemiology of Zooanthroponse. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1966.
- ^ Galuzo, I.G. "Landscape Epidemiology (epizootiology)." Advances in Veterinary Science & Comparative Medicine. 1975(19):73-96.
- ^ Brownstein, J.S.; Rosen, H.; Purdy, D.; Miller, J.; Merlino, M.; Mostashari, F.; Fish, D. "Spatial Analysis of West Nile Virus: Rapid Risk Assessment of an Introduced Vector-Borne Zoonosis." Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 2(3):157-164.
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| | 总论 | | |
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| | 生产者 | |
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| | 消费者 | |
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| | 分解者 | |
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| | 微生物 | |
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| | 食物網 | |
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| | 食物網例子 | 冷泉 · 海底熱泉 · 潮間帶 · 海藻林 · 湖泊 · 北太平洋副熱帶環流 · 河流 · 舊金山河口生態系統 · 土壤食物網 · 海潮水坑 |
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| | 過程 | Ascendency · 生物累積 · 顶极群落 · 竞争排除原则 · Consumer-resource systems · Copiotrophs · 生態網絡 · 演替 · 能質 · 能量系統語言 · f-ratio · 飼料轉化率 · 疯狂捕食 · Mesotrophic soil · 養分循環 · Oligotroph · 浮游生物悖論 · 营养级联 · 营养互利共生 · 营养状态指数 |
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| | 防衞/對抗 |
- 動物色彩
- 反捕食者適應
- 偽裝
- 植物对食草动物的防御
- 拟态
- Predator avoidance in schooling fish
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| | | 其他組成 |
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| | 种群生態學 | | |
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| | 物種 | |
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| | 種間關係 | |
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| | 空間生態學 | |
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| | 生态位 | 生态位 · 生态陷阱 · 生態系統工程師 · 物种分布建模 · 共位群 · 動物棲地 · 海洋動物棲地 · 極限相似性 · 生态位分配模型 · 生態棲位構建 · 生態棲位分化 |
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| | 非攝食網絡 | |
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| | 其他 | 异速生长 · 多稳态 · 生態平衡 · 生物信息可视化 · 構造理論 · 漸變群 · 生態經濟學 · 生態足跡 · 生態預測 · 生態人文學 · 生态化学计量学 · 生态通道 · Ecosystem based fisheries · 髓石 · 演化生態學 · 功能生態學 · 工業生態學 · 宏生態學 · 微生態系統 · 自然環境 · 系統生態學 · 理論生態學 |
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