For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 普林尼式火山噴發.

普林尼式火山噴發

普林尼式火山噴發的解構圖:(1) 火山灰柱;(2) 岩漿通道;(3) 火山灰雨;(4) 熔岩及火山灰層;(5) 地層;及(6) 岩漿房

普林尼式火山噴發(Plinian eruption),又名維蘇威式火山噴發,是火山噴發的一種,其特徵類似公元79年的維蘇威火山噴發。古羅馬学者老普林尼拉丁語Gaius Plinius Secundus)在研究此次火山喷发的观察中葬身,其外甥小普林尼Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus)紀錄描述了喷发过程。普林尼式火山噴發特徵是噴射高达平流層(十公里以上)的火山氣體火山灰。最特別的是其噴發大量的浮岩及非常劇烈的氣體爆發。

短暫的噴發可以在一天內完結,但也可以長達數日,甚至數月。較長時間的噴發最初导致灰雲的生成,有時會連同火山碎屑流。这种喷发可以噴出大量岩漿,導致地下岩漿室騰空而使火山口崩塌,形成破火山口。細灰可以覆蓋很大面積。普林尼式火山噴發一般伴随着巨大的轰鸣,就如喀拉喀托火山噴發時一樣。

熔岩一般是由流紋岩及有豐富的矽酸鹽构成。普林尼式火山噴發很少會有玄武岩熔岩,而最近一次有玄武岩熔岩的喷发来自1886年的塔拉威拉山噴發。

小普林尼描述

[编辑]
小普林尼以意大利松來描述普林尼式火山噴發。

小普林尼指出他的母親於79年8月24日看見形狀和大小都不尋常的。初時並不清楚雲的來處,後來才確認是來自維蘇威火山。雲的形狀就像意大利松,如樹幹般上升到極高處,於頂端擴散。

老普林尼在那不勒斯灣出發前往灾难现场以观察火山并拯救災民。其屍體於8月26日被發現,身上沒有明顯的傷痕,可能是窒息中毒致死。

例子

[编辑]
1822年藝術家描繪的79年維蘇威火山噴發。

參考

[编辑]
  1. ^ Enlightenment activities for improvement on disasters from Tarumae Volcano, Japan, Cities on Volcanoes 4, 23-27 January 2006

外部連結

[编辑]
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
普林尼式火山噴發
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?