For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 普朗克-愛因斯坦關係式.

普朗克-愛因斯坦關係式

量子力學裏,普朗克-愛因斯坦關係式[1][2]闡明,光子能量頻率成正比:

其中,是光子能量,普朗克常數是光子頻率。

普朗克-愛因斯坦關係式是因物理學者馬克斯·普朗克阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦而命名,又稱為「普朗克關係式」[3]、「普朗克公式」[4]或「愛因斯坦關係式」[1][5][6]。這關係式說明了光子的量子化性質,是解釋光電效應普朗克黑體輻射定律等物理現象的關鍵機制。

光譜形式

[编辑]

光波可以用以下光譜量來表徵:頻率波長波數角頻率。它們彼此之間的關係為

普朗克關係式也可以寫為

或採用角形式,

其中,約化普朗克常數光速

德布羅意關係式

[编辑]

德布羅意關係式將普朗克關係式推廣至物質波路易·德布羅意主張,假若粒子擁有波動性質,則普朗克關係式應該可以應用於粒子。他假設粒子的波長為[6][7][8]

其中,是動量。

將這兩個公式合併在一起,可以得到

以向量形式來表達,

玻爾頻率條件

[编辑]

玻爾頻率條件闡明,當發生電子躍遷時,吸收或發射的光子的頻率與涉及到躍遷的兩個能級之間的能量差,彼此之間的關係為[9]

這條件是普朗克關係式的直接結果。

參考文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 French & Taylor (1978), pp. 24, 55.
  2. ^ Cohen-Tannoudji, Diu & Laloë (1973/1977), pp. 10–11.
  3. ^ Landsberg (1978), p. 199.
  4. ^ Griffiths, D.J. (1995), pp. 143, 216.
  5. ^ Messiah (1958/1961), p. 72.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Weinberg (1995), p. 3.
  7. ^ Messiah (1958/1961), p. 14.
  8. ^ Cohen-Tannoudji, Diu & Laloë (1973/1977), p. 27.
  9. ^ van der Waerden (1967), p. 5.
  • Cohen-Tannoudji, C., Diu, B., Laloë, F. (1973/1977). Quantum Mechanics, translated from the French by S.R. Hemley, N. Ostrowsky, D. Ostrowsky, second edition, volume 1, Wiley, New York, ISBN 0471164321.
  • French, A.P., Taylor, E.F. (1978). An Introduction to Quantum Physics, Van Nostrand Reinhold, London, ISBN 0-442-30770-5.
  • Griffiths, D.J. (1995). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River NJ, ISBN 0-13-124405-1.
  • Landsberg, P.T. (1978). Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, Oxford University Press, Oxford UK, ISBN 0-19-851142-6.
  • Messiah, A. (1958/1961). Quantum Mechanics, volume 1, translated from the French by G.M. Temmer, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
  • van der Waerden, B.L. (1967). Sources of Quantum Mechanics, edited with a historical introduction by B.L. van der Waerden, North-Holland Publishing, Amsterdam.
  • Weinberg, S. (1995). The Quantum Theory of Fields, volume 1, Foundations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, ISBN 978-0-521-55001-7.
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
普朗克-愛因斯坦關係式
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?