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显学.
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显学通常是指与现实联系密切,引起社会广泛关注,或者在思想学术界占统治地位的学说,也就是主流學說,在各時代的主流學說有些許不同,在先秦思想史中特指儒家、墨家这两种学说。有时也指在整个中国思想史上占重要地位的儒、道、佛三家。
显学一词最早出于《韩非子·显学篇》:“世之显学,儒墨也。”战国时期,正是中国古代社会从封建到中央集权的大转型时期,经济、政治、思想文化都在激烈而又复杂的变化。当时周王室衰落,各国诸侯为了争霸,极力招揽人才,寻求增强本国实力,取得霸权的方法。当时的思想言论空前自由,是中国思想、学术发展的黄金时期。这个时期,涌现出一大批思想家,他们对社会变革发表不同的主张,希望自己的学说能被当权者采纳,史称「百家争鸣」。其中较有影响的有,儒家、法家、墨家、纵横家、道家。战国初期,楊學(道家的偏激派)與墨家極盛,孟子有曰:「楊朱、墨翟之言盈天下,天下之言,不歸於楊,即歸墨。」[1]而後又形成儒、楊、墨三派鼎峙,孟子又曰:「逃墨必歸於楊,逃楊必歸於儒。」[2]自孟子至韓非,楊日衰而墨日盛,遂由三派鼎立轉為儒墨平分天下。
参考资料
- ^ 《孟子·滕文公》篇云:“楊朱、墨翟之言盈天下,天下之言,不歸於楊,即歸墨。”
- ^ 《孟子·盡心章句下》篇云:“逃墨必歸於楊;逃楊必歸於儒。歸,斯受之而已矣。今之與楊、墨辯者,如追放豚,既入其苙,又從而招之。”
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