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昆都士

昆都士
کندز
城市
昆都士在阿富汗的位置
昆都士
昆都士
昆都士在阿富汗的位置
坐标:36°43′43″N 68°52′5″E / 36.72861°N 68.86806°E / 36.72861; 68.86806
國家 阿富汗
昆都士省
昆都士縣
首度提及公元前329年
海拔391 公尺(1,283 英尺)
人口(2021年)[1]
 • 總計374,746人
时区阿富汗標準時間(UTC+4:30
主要語言達里語
普什圖語
烏茲別克語
控制阿富汗 塔利班

昆都士普什圖語کندز‎,波斯語قندوز‎),是位于阿富汗东北部的一座城市,为昆都士省省会,有公路向西连接马扎里沙里夫,向南连接喀布尔,向北连接塔吉克斯坦,2006年估计人口264100人,为阿富汗第5大城市。

昆都士一名源於波斯語 کهن دژ‎ / kohan dež,意為「古老的堡壘」。中国古代称之为坤城,1430年(宣德五年),使臣马力丁等到中国,朝贡。当时鼓励商人输送米粮到边塞,使者就输送米一万六千七百石到京仓换取盐引。使者辞還时,愿以所纳米献给明朝官府。明宣宗说:“回人善于营利,虽然名义上是朝贡,实是图谋贸易,可按价值酬报。”于是给帛四十匹、布八十匹[2]

氣候

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昆都士屬於溫帶半乾旱氣候柯本氣候分類法:BSk),夏季與冬季氣溫相差甚大,春夏之交偶有降雨,其餘時期幾近無雨。

昆都士1958至1983年
月份 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 全年
历史最高温 °C(°F) 21.2
(70.2)
25.0
(77.0)
32.8
(91.0)
38.9
(102.0)
42.2
(108.0)
46.2
(115.2)
45.3
(113.5)
44.2
(111.6)
39.2
(102.6)
39.4
(102.9)
28.4
(83.1)
21.6
(70.9)
46.2
(115.2)
平均高温 °C(°F) 6.3
(43.3)
9.5
(49.1)
15.8
(60.4)
23.0
(73.4)
29.8
(85.6)
37.3
(99.1)
39.0
(102.2)
36.9
(98.4)
31.8
(89.2)
24.5
(76.1)
16.0
(60.8)
9.7
(49.5)
23.3
(73.9)
日均气温 °C(°F) 1.6
(34.9)
4.4
(39.9)
10.4
(50.7)
17.2
(63.0)
22.9
(73.2)
29.3
(84.7)
31.3
(88.3)
29.2
(84.6)
23.9
(75.0)
16.9
(62.4)
9.5
(49.1)
4.4
(39.9)
16.8
(62.1)
平均低温 °C(°F) −2.4
(27.7)
0.0
(32.0)
5.7
(42.3)
11.6
(52.9)
15.7
(60.3)
20.9
(69.6)
23.3
(73.9)
21.5
(70.7)
16.3
(61.3)
10.6
(51.1)
4.1
(39.4)
0.0
(32.0)
10.6
(51.1)
历史最低温 °C(°F) −22.7
(−8.9)
−23.1
(−9.6)
−11.8
(10.8)
−2.1
(28.2)
4.2
(39.6)
12.5
(54.5)
15.7
(60.3)
12.6
(54.7)
3.5
(38.3)
−2.0
(28.4)
−9.8
(14.4)
−20
(−4)
−23.1
(−9.6)
平均降水量 mm(英寸) 44.0
(1.73)
56.5
(2.22)
76.7
(3.02)
54.4
(2.14)
29.8
(1.17)
0.1
(0.00)
1.3
(0.05)
0.3
(0.01)
0.1
(0.00)
7.3
(0.29)
23.7
(0.93)
28.4
(1.12)
322.6
(12.68)
平均降雨天数 5 6 11 10 9 1 1 0 0 3 5 6 57
平均降雪天数 5 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 14
平均相對濕度(%) 80 75 75 71 54 31 28 29 32 44 63 76 55
月均日照時數 114.4 114.6 158.9 201.0 276.5 332.1 340.2 315.5 289.7 221.8 169.3 118.3 2,652.3
数据来源:NOAA[3]

参考

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  1. ^ Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021-22 (PDF). National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021 [June 21, 2021]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于24 June 2021). 
  2. ^ 明史》西域传四
  3. ^ Kunduz Climate Normals 1958-1983. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [25 December 2012]. 

延伸阅读

[编辑]

[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:欽定古今圖書集成·方輿彙編·邊裔典·坤城部》,出自陈梦雷古今圖書集成
维基文库中的相关文本:明史卷三百三十二》,出自《明史
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昆都士
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