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日者

日者,即占卜師战国时期秦汉时期对以占候、卜筮、星占、望氣、测算时日凶吉等为职业的人的通称。

古代以推算时日吉凶为业的人称之为日者,一作“占人”。《墨子·贵义》:“子墨子北之齐,遇日者。日者曰:‘帝以今日杀黑龙于北方,而先生之色黑,不可以北。’”《史记》有日者列传,记龟策占卜之士[1]。秦汉时期,日者一名与占家方家卜者混用。后日者方术大部融汇于道教方术之中。北魏置太常日者,属太常魏孝文帝太和二十三年(499年)定为从七品下。《文选·辨命论》:“管辂岂日者卜祝之流乎?”注:“占候时日,谓之日者。”柳宗元《龙城录》卷上《房玄龄为相无嗣》:“房玄龄来买卜成都,日者笑而掩象曰:‘公知名当世,为时贤相,奈无嗣相绍何。’”贾岛逢博陵故人彭兵曹》:偶逢日者教求禄,终傍泉声拟置家。宋代市语指卜士为日者,沿用古称[2]

要留意的是,古文中「日者」,若作为「時間副詞」,可以指「往日、以前」或者「近日以來」。

延伸阅读

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[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:史記/卷127》,出自司馬遷史記

參考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 史记·日者列传》:“司马季主,楚人也,卜于长安市东。”
    司马贞史记索隐》:“名卜筮曰‘日者’以墨,所以卜筮占候时日通名‘日者’故也。”
    裴骃史记集解》:“古人占候卜筮通谓之‘日者’。”
  2. ^ 《绮谈市语·人物门》:“卜士:占人;日者。”
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日者
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