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日月盾牌.
日月盾牌(邵語:Rifiz),是台灣邵族的傳統文物,象徵著最高祖靈,會在邵族的年祭上出現。
傳說過去日月盾牌由邵族的祖先所擁有,他們利用它在和外族進行的戰鬥中保護自己,並且取得勝利,日月盾牌便就此流傳下來,以紀念祖靈的英勇,象徵著最高祖靈[1]。
目前日月盾牌只有邵族的陳家長老擁有,平常至於家屋中,在邵族的年祭(農曆八月前半段,又稱豐年祭)期間,邵族人會在「甜酒祭祖靈儀式」(約在農曆十五日前後)後,由陳姓或高姓家族將日月盾牌從陳家家屋內迎出,族人則會跟在爐主之後搭肩排成一列,呼喚祖靈的名稱並吟唱歌謠,最後迎入搭建好的祖靈屋中供奉,稱為牽田儀式[2],並且在祖靈屋前持續唱歌跳舞,象徵祖靈降臨於盾牌之中,學者指出此時日月盾牌不僅是最高祖靈、甚至是所有氏族祖靈的綜合體;到了年祭中的「最後祭儀」(mulalu mingrigus)時,爐主會揹著日月盾牌,迎請祖靈前往各戶人家祈福,主要的祈福過程為:
- 家戶男主人在屋前迎接,觸摸盾牌(女性不可以摸)。
- 陳、高二長老帶領隊伍進入家中正廳、客廳繞一圈,將盾牌放在供桌供奉(漢人不可以進入正廳)。
- 隊伍的成員在廳內和門外前埕圍成一圈唱跳,主人以酒食招待隊伍。
年祭結束後,日月盾牌會被放回陳家正廳裡安置[3][4][5]。
根據陳家家族成員陳修心所說,過去日月盾牌曾經在祭典上被喝酒的人因力道控制不好而打裂,因此後來又新做了一個,另外之前有一次年祭結束後忘了把日月盾牌拿回來,結果當晚就發生了地震,被認為是祖靈生氣了[6]。
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| 歷史文獻 | |
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| 祭祀項目 | |
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| 神話故事 | |
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| 神和靈 | 祖神(至高祖靈) | |
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| 阿普(氏族祖靈) |
- 馬什卡什卡(袁姓氏族之始祖)
- 阿姆栗什(毛姓與石姓氏族之始祖)
- 富利提(陳姓氏族之始祖)
- 馬爾希普魯(高姓氏族之始祖)
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| 其他的神或靈 | |
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| 異族 | |
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