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镇羌堡 (陕西省)

39°05′25″N 110°42′58″E / 39.09028°N 110.71611°E / 39.09028; 110.71611 镇羌堡明长城榆林镇东路下辖的一个堡寨,位于今陕西省榆林市府谷县新民镇以西约2.5公里的新城川村。[1]据清道光二十一年刻李熙龄《榆林府志》载:此堡于“明初置,在东村,成化二年(1466)尚书王复奏,从东村堡移出高汉岭。城在山原,周二里零,系极冲中地,楼铺十座。万历三十五年(1607)砌以砖,边垣长四十五里、墩台二十九座。”[1]镇羌堡军事地位较为重要,明朝时用于防止蒙古骑兵南下,据《全边略记》:“自正统初,北人入套,镇羌为最冲。寇东西突犯,恒取道于此”。[2]

城堡呈长方形,东西约470米,南北约500米。城墙为夯筑,外砌砖石,东、西、北墙较完整,残高6米,基宽5米,顶宽3米。四面各辟一门,南、北门有瓮城,东、北二门已毁,南门砖券拱门洞保存尚好,城南墙外侧基下开有一保存完好的砖券小门洞,宽1米、高1.6米,进券门有石阶可登墙入城。从城内采集到了宋代的青釉、白釉瓷片。据史载,北宋即有镇羌城,明成化二年(1466)因其地筑镇羌堡。[3][1]现今城包砖及条石基已被拆光。府谷至神木的公路横穿城堡而过,修此路时将城东墙南部、南墙西部大量破坏。除此之外,其他部位夯土城墙基本尚存。[1]

镇羌堡内原有观音寺、城隍庙、大佛殿、文帝阁、三教殿、火神庙、马工庙、伊佛寺、孤魂庙、五道庙、文庙等建筑,城外原有大关帝庙、小关帝庙、娘娘庙、玉皇大帝庙、魁星楼、祖师庙、老龙庙、睡佛殿、山神庙、财神庙等,均于文化大革命时期被毁坏。城中心还有钟鼓楼,现被村民建为三官庙。观音寺已于2006年重新维修。[2]

现新民镇和新民村的名称均来自这座城堡,因为“新民堡”的旧称即镇羌堡,是中华人民共和国成立后,出于维护民族团结的考虑,在全国范围内将“镇羌”统一更改的结果。[4]

2014年,镇羌堡城址被列为第五批陕西省文物保护单位

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 董耀会; 吴德玉; 张元华. 明长城考实. 江苏凤凰科学技术出版社. 2019.08: 244–245. ISBN 978-7-5537-9050-3. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 镇羌堡 在《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版的页面
  3. ^ 国家文物局. 中国文物地图集 陕西分册 下. 西安: 西安地图出版社. 1998.12: 654. ISBN 7-80545-656-9. 
  4. ^ 赵现海:《正在消失的长城——榆林明长城现状与保护政策调研报告》,载张冠梓; 季为民 (编). 国情调研 2010-2011 下. 济南: 山东人民出版社. 2012.01: 193–194. ISBN 7-209-05910-5. 
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镇羌堡 (陕西省)
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