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斩波器.
斩波器(英語:Chopper),又称斩波电路,是一种转换电能的电力电子电路,根据电能的形式可分为直流斩波器和交流斩波器,其中直流斩波器是最常见的类型。
直流斩波器是一种直流对直流的转换器(DC/DC converter),能够将电压值固定的直流电,转换为电压值可变的直流电源。直流斩波器通常连接在恒定直流电源和负载电路之间,通过周期性地快速开通、关断,把输入电压斩成一系列的脉冲电压,改变脉冲列的脉冲宽度或频率可以调节输出电压的平均值,用以改变加到负载电路上的直流电压,这种装置也叫直流断续器,其基本作用是直流电的调压,可用于直流電動機的速度控制、交换式电源供应等方面。主要包括6种基本斩波电路:降压斩波电路、升压斩波电路、升降压斩波电路、Cuk斩波电路、Sepic斩波电路和Zeta斩波电路。
交流斩波器的基本调压原理和直流斩波器相同,但输入电压和负载电压均为交流电,是一种交流对交流的转换器(AC/AC converter),仅仅将交流电压正负半周分别当作一个暂短的直流电压源,但由于其斩波功能是双方向性的,直流斩波电路中常用的续流二极管在这里也不能采用,续流作用也要靠具有雙向導通与关断的交流电子开关来实现。因此交流斩波调压比直流斩波调压复杂,故应用受到限制。
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