For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 中華斑嘴鴨.

中華斑嘴鴨

中華斑嘴鴨
攝於日本
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 鸟纲 Aves
目: 雁形目 Anseriformes
科: 鴨科 Anatidae
属: 鸭属 Anas
种:
中華斑嘴鴨 A. zonorhyncha
二名法
Anas zonorhyncha
R. Swinhoe, 1866
異名
  • A. poecilorhyncha
    BirdLife International (2004, 2008)
  • A. poecilorhyncha
    Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)
  • A. poecilorhyncha zonorhyncha

斑嘴鸭(香港作中華斑嘴鴨,台湾作花嘴鴨)(學名:Anas zonorhyncha[2][3][4],别名东方斑嘴鸭谷鸭黄嘴尖鸭火燎鸭,是屬於鴨科鴨屬的一種鸟类。分佈於東亞,共有80-160萬隻,數量有下跌的趨勢。這個物種以前被認為是印度斑嘴鴨的亞種,兩者都被稱為斑嘴鴨(A. poecilorhyncha)。這個名稱源自其嘴上的黃色斑點。

分類

[编辑]
可見到其藍色的翼鏡羽

花嘴鴨在1866年由英國生物學家郇和描述,並使用現在的雙名法命名Anas zonorhyncha[5][6] 屬名Anas是拉丁語中鴨的意思。種小名zonorhyncha源自古希臘語詞zōnē,意為“帶”或“束帶”和rhunkhos,意為“嘴”。[7]

歷史上,花嘴鴨通常被認為是印度斑嘴鴨的亞種(A. poecilorhyncha)。美國鳥類學家布拉德利·C·利維齊在1991年發表的對河鴨的形態學研究中提議,應將花嘴鴨提升為獨立物種。[8] 隨後,在中國南方香港進行的實地工作發現,雖然花嘴鴨和印度斑嘴鴨(亞種A. poecilorhyncha haringtoni)在同一地區同時繁殖,但混合配對非常罕見。[9] 基於這一觀察,美國鳥類學家聯合會在2008年認可花嘴鴨為獨立物種。[10] 現在大多數分類學家都將花嘴鴨視為獨立物種。[11][12][13] 在俄羅斯東部的野外,花嘴鴨和綠頭鴨也存在一定程度的雜交,且雄性花嘴鴨與雌性綠頭鴨配對的比率高於相反情況。[14]

描述

[编辑]
起飛

這種鴨的體型與綠頭鴨相仿,身體呈鱗狀花紋,擁有藍色的翼鏡羽。休息時,長脖子和帶有黃色尖端的嘴是其顯著特徵。它的身長約為55—63 cm(22—25英寸),翼展為83—95 cm(33—37英寸),體重為790—1,500 g(1.74—3.31磅)。[15][16] 主要為灰色,頭部和脖子較淡,嘴巴黑色,尖端亮黃色。翅膀呈白色,下方有黑色飛羽,從上面看則有白邊綠色。雄性沒有換羽期羽毛。幼鴨比成鴨顏色更棕、更暗淡。腿和腳為亮橙色。[17]

花嘴鴨比印度斑嘴鴨更暗更棕,其體羽更類似於太平洋黑鴨。它缺乏紅色嘴斑,且擁有藍色的翼鏡。[17][18]

雄性和雌性都會經歷完全的繁殖後換羽,同時掉落所有的飛羽。[17]

分佈

[编辑]

花嘴鴨是候鳥,分布地區包括中國大陆、香港、澳门、台灣、日本、韓國、朝鮮、蒙古、俄羅斯。在中國南方和可能的東南亞過冬。非繁殖季節,它們非常合群,形成小群體。自20世紀初以來,日本和俄羅斯遠東地區的種群其分布範圍向北擴展了超過500公里,可能是對全球變暖的反應。[14]

它是生活在淡水湖泊沼澤中的鳥類,主要在傍晚或夜間啄食植物食物。繁殖季節隨降雨和水況而變化,但通常在4月至7月之間。它在水邊植被中地面築巢。每窩通常有7-9個蛋。[11] 孵化在最後一顆蛋產下後開始(以讓小鴨同時孵化),大約24天後孵出。小鴨黑色,背部黃色,與綠頭鴨的相似,但眼紋更寬。[11]

雄鴨和雌鴨的叫聲類似於綠頭鴨,雌鴨發出響亮的叫聲,雄鴨則發出較低沉、較安靜的聲音。

圖庫

[编辑]

腳註

[编辑]
  1. ^ BirdLife International. 2016. Anas zonorhyncha. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22736042A95123703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22736042A95123703.en (英文)
  2. ^ 郑光美. 中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第三版). Beijing: 科学出版社. 2017. ISBN 978-7-03-054751-4. OCLC 1050450731. 
  3. ^ International Ornithologists' Union. IOC World Bird List 12.1 (Multilingual Version). [2022-05-11]. doi:10.14344/ioc.ml.12.1. (原始内容存档于2022-04-01) (英语). 
  4. ^ 香港觀鳥會. 香港鳥類名錄 List of Hong Kong Birds (xlsx). Hong Kong Bird Watching Society. 香港觀鳥會. 2021-05-13 [2022-05-11] (中文(香港)). [失效連結]
  5. ^ Swinhoe, Robert. Ornithological notes from Formosa. Ibis. series 2. 1866, 2 (4): 392–406 [394]. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1866.tb08612.x. 
  6. ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William (编). Check-list of Birds of the World 1 2nd. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. 1979: 471. 
  7. ^ Jobling, James A. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. 2010: 46, 411. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. 
  8. ^ Livezey, B.C. A phylogenetic analysis and classification of recent dabbling ducks (Tribe Anatini) based on comparative morphology (PDF). The Auk. 1991, 108 (3): 471–507. JSTOR 4088089. doi:10.2307/4088089. 
  9. ^ Leader, P.J. Sympatric breeding of two Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha taxa in southern China. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 2006, 126 (4): 248–252. 
  10. ^ Banks, Richard C.; et al. Fifty-Ninth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds. The Auk. 2008, 125 (3): 758–768. doi:10.1525/auk.2008.9708可免费查阅. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 del Hoyo, P.F.; Collar, N.; Kirwan, G.M. del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. , 编. Chinese Spot-billed Duck (Anas zonorhyncha)需要付费订阅. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (Lynx Edicions). 2017 [25 July 2017]. S2CID 242623661. doi:10.2173/bow.spbduc.01. 
  12. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (编). Screamers, ducks, geese & swans. World Bird List Version 7.3. International Ornithologists' Union. 2017 [23 July 2017]. 
  13. ^ Lepage, Denis. Eastern Spot-billed Duck, Anas zonorhyncha Swinhoe, 1866. Avibase. Bird Studies Canada. [26 July 2017]. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Kulikova, Irina V.; Zhuravlev, Yury N.; McCracken, Kevin G. Asymmetric hybridization and sex-biased gene flow between eastern Spot-billed Ducks (Anas zonorhyncha) and Mallards (A. platyrhynchos) in the Russian Far East. The Auk. 2004, 121 (3): 930. S2CID 17470882. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0930:AHASGF]2.0.CO;2可免费查阅. 
  15. ^ CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), ISBN 978-0-8493-4258-5.
  16. ^ Ogilvie & Young, Wildfowl of the World. New Holland Publishers (2004), ISBN 978-1-84330-328-2
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Ali, Salim & S. Dillon Ripley. Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. 1 2nd. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 1978: 157–160. 
  18. ^ Baker, E.C.S. A note on the sub-species of the Spot-bill Duck Anas poecilorhyncha. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 1913, 22 (4): 805–807. 

參考文獻

[编辑]

外部連結

[编辑]
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
中華斑嘴鴨
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?