數量級 (加速度)

加速度的數量級示例。

米每二次方秒（m/s²）	數量級	參考系	數量	重力	示例
10^−∞	0 m/s²	慣性	0 m/s²	0 g	重力探測器B的陀螺轉子^[1]
10^−∞	0 m/s²	慣性	≈ 0 m/s²	≈ 0 g	減重力飛機中的失重拋物線
10^{5000000000000000000♠0}	1 m/s²	局部（英语：Laboratory frame of reference）	5×10^-14 m/s²	5×10^-15 g	科學實驗的最小加速度^[2]
		局部	0.25 m/s²	0.026 g	SJ X2列車的加速^{[來源請求]}
		慣性	1.62 m/s²	0.1654 g	站在月球赤道^{[來源請求]}
		局部	4.3 m/s²	0.44 g	使用紳寶9-5汽車在6.4秒內加速到0–100公里/小時^{[來源請求]}
		慣性	9.80665 m/s²	1 g	標準重力，海平面標準地球的重力加速度^[3]
10¹	1 dam/s²	慣性	11.2 m/s²	1.14 g	土星五號發射的月球火箭^{[來源請求]}
		慣性	15.2 m/s²	1.55 g	布加迪威龍在2.4 s內加速到100 km/h（包括重力加速度的淨加速度矢量與水平方向成 40 度）^{[來源請求]})
		慣性	29 m/s²	3 g	航天飛機，發射和再入期間的最大值^{[來源請求]}
		慣性	29 m/s²	3 g	對於人類可持續承受25秒^[3]
		慣性	34 – 62 m/s²	3.5 – 6.3 g	高速過山車^[4]^:340
		局部?	41 m/s²	4.2 g	頂級燃料飆車4.4秒超過1/4英里的世界紀錄^{[來源請求]}
		慣性	49 m/s²	5 g	導致人類迷失方向、頭暈、昏厥的程度^[3]
		局部?	49+ m/s²	5+ g	一級方程式賽車的最大重剎車^{[來源請求]}
		慣性?	51 m/s²	5.2 g	威士拿滑行中心的雪橇運動^{[來源請求]}
		局部	49 – 59 m/s²	5 – 6 g	一級方程式賽車的最大轉彎加速度^[5]
		慣性	59 m/s²	6 g	降落傘正常打開時的峰值^[6]
		慣性	+69 / -49 m/s²	+7 / -5 g	標準、全特技飛行認證滑翔機^{[來源請求]}
		慣性	70.6 m/s²	7.19 g	阿波羅16再入^[7]
		慣性	79 m/s²	8 g	F-16剎止俯衝加速度^{[來源請求]}
		慣性	88 m/s²	9 g	一個受過訓練的穿著G服的人避免G力昏迷保持意識的最大值^{[來源請求]}
		慣性	88 – 118 m/s²	9 – 12 g	特技飛機或戰鬥機的典型最大轉彎加速度^[8]
10^{7000200000000000000♠2}	1 hm/s²	慣性	147 m/s²	15 g	彈射座椅^{[來源請求]}
			177 m/s²	18 g	對人體造成的物理傷害，例如破損毛細管^[3]
			209 m/s²	21.3 g	宇航員在聯盟號 18a中止期間經歷的微弱加速^[9]
			333 m/s²	34 g	星塵樣本返回艙在重返地球時的峰值減速^[10]
			454 m/s²	46.2 g	人類在火箭雪橇上倖存的最大加速度^[3]
			> 491 m/s²	> 50 g	可能重傷死亡^{[來源請求]}
			982 m/s²	100 g	衝刺導彈^[11]
			982 m/s²	100 g	交通碰撞汽車碰撞（100 公里/小時撞牆）^[12]
			> 982 m/s²	> 100 g	歷史上幾名賽車手經受了超過100G的衝擊，但沒有受到嚴重傷害。^[13]
			982 m/s²	100 g	大多數人的致命極限^{[來源請求]}
10^{7000300000000000000♠3}	1 km/s²	慣性 ≈ 局部	1540 m/s²	157 g	火箭雪橇的最快運行峰值加速度^[14]
			1964 m/s²	200 g	重0.6公斤3.5"硬盤非工作衝擊耐受2毫秒^[15]
			2098 m/s²	214 g	人類暴露和倖存下來的最高重力加速度（Kenny Bräck（英语：Kenny Bräck）2003Chevy 500（英语：DXC Technology 600）車禍經歷的最大減速）^[16]-->^[17]
			2256 m/s²	230 g	伽利略號探測器下降到木星大氣層期間的峰值加速度^[18]
			2490 m/s²	254 g	2014年世界一級方程式錦標賽儒勒·比安奇Marussia MR03（英语：Marussia MR03）的峰值減速^[19]
			2946 m/s²	300 g	足球被腳擊中^{[來源請求]}
			3200 m/s²	320 g	跳躍的人蚤^[20]
			3800 m/s²	380 g	跳躍的click beetle（英语：click beetle）^[21]
			4944 m/s²	504 g	洗衣機的衣服，幹紡期間（46厘米滾筒/1400rpm）
10^{7000400000000000000♠4}	10 km/s²		11 768 m/s²	1200 g	啄木鳥頭部減速^[22]
			17 680 m/s²	1800 g	太空槍，由Quicklaunch提出的1 km槍管長度，初速為6 km/s（假設恆定加速度）
			29460 m/s²	3000 g	棒球棒擊中棒球^[12]
			~33 000 m/s²	3400 g	經認證的飛行記錄器減速耐撞性的標準要求（例如波音737的黑匣子）
			>49 100 m/s²	>5000 g	機械腕錶的抗震能力^[23]
			84 450 m/s²	8600 g	當前一級方程式發動機最大活塞加速度（在轉速限制之前高達 10,000 g）^[24]
10^{7000500000000000000♠5}	100 km/s²		102 000 m/s²	10 400 g	螳螂蝦的攻擊^[25]
			152 210 m/s²	15 500 g	軍用砲彈的內置電子設備抗震能力^[26]
			196 400 m/s²	20 000 g	Pilobolus（英语：Pilobolus）真菌的孢子加速^[27]
			304 420 m/s²	31 000 g	9×19毫米帕拉貝魯姆彈手槍子彈（沿槍管長度平均）^{[來源請求]}-->^[28]
10^{7000600000000000000♠6}	1 Mm/s²		1 000 000 m/s²	100 000 g	trap-jaw ant 的閉合顎^[29]
			1 865 800 m/s²	190 000 g	9×19毫米帕拉貝魯姆彈手槍子彈，頂^{[來源請求]}-->^[30]
			3 800 000 m/s²	390 000 g	白矮星天狼星B的表面重力^[31]
			3 900 000 m/s²	略低於 400 000 g	^[32]
10^{7000700000000000000♠7}	10 Mm/s²		53 000 000 m/s²	5 400 000 g	水母毒刺^[33]
10^{7000900000000000000♠9}	1 Gm/s²		1×10⁹ m/s²	~100 000 000 g	2克的射彈從靜止加速1厘米到5公里/秒創紀錄的線圈槍中射彈的峰值加速度（英语：Coilgun#Potential uses）。^[34]
10^{7001120000000000000♠12}	1 Tm/s²		7×10¹² m/s²	7×10¹¹ g	中子星的最大表面重力^{[來源請求]}
10^{7001120000000000000♠12}	1 Tm/s²		2.1×10¹³ m/s²	2.1×10¹² g	大型強子對撞機中的質子^[35]
10^{7001210000000000000♠21}	1 Zm/s²		9.149×10²¹ m/s²	9.33×10²⁰ g	玻爾模型₁H核子周圍電子的加速度。
10^{7001210000000000000♠21}	1 Zm/s²		176×10²¹ m/s²	1.79×10²² g	1 TV/m 尾流場加速器（英语：wakefield accelerator）的電子^[36]
10^{7001510000000000000♠51}			5.5608×10⁵¹ m/s²	5.5719×10⁵⁰ g	相干性普朗克單位加速度

另見

參考

^ Stanford University: Gravity Probe B, Payload & Spacecraft （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, and NASA: Investigation of Drag-Free Control Technology for Earth Science Constellation Missions. The TRIAD 1 satellite was a later, more advanced navigation satellite that was part of the U.S. Navy’s Transit, or NAVSAT system.
^ Gundlach, J. H; Schlamminger, S; Spitzer, C. D; Choi, K. -Y; Woodahl, B. A; Coy, J. J; Fischbach, E. Laboratory Test of Newton's Second Law for Small Accelerations. Physical Review Letters. 2007, 98 (15): 150801 [2022-10-22]. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98o0801G. PMID 17501332. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.150801. （原始内容存档于2022-05-26）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 csel.eng.ohio-state.edu - High Acceleration and the Human Body, Martin Voshell, November 28, 2004 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期August 19, 2014，.
^ George Bibel. Beyond the Black Box: the Forensics of Airplane Crashes. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. ISBN 0-8018-8631-7.
^ 6 g has been recorded in the 130R turn at Suzuka circuit, Japan. [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Many turns have 5 g peak values, like turn 8 at Istanbul or Eau Rouge at Spa
^ Archived copy. [2014-12-14]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-28）.
^ NASA: SP-368 Biomedical Results of Apollo, Chapter 5: Environmental Factors, Table 2: Apollo Manned Space Flight Reentry G Levels
^ Maxed out: How many gs can you pull?. New Scientist. [2017-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-23）（美国英语）.
^ Hall, Rex; David Shayler. Soyuz, A Universal Spacecraft. Springer Praxis. 2003: 193. ISBN 978-1-85233-657-8.
^ ReVelle, D. O.; Edwards, W. N. Stardust—An artificial, low-velocity "meteor" fall and recovery: 15 January 2006. Meteoritics and Planetary Science. 2007, 42 (2): 271. Bibcode:2007M&PS...42..271R. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00232.x .
^ Sprint. [2022-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-23）.
^ ^12.0 ^12.1 tomshardware.co.uk - Hard Drive Shock Tolerance - Hard-Disks - Storage 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2012-06-17., Physics, by O'hanian, 1989, 2007-01-03
^ “Several Indy car drivers have withstood impacts in excess of 100 G without serious injuries.” Dennis F. Shanahan, M.D., M.P.H.: ”Human Tolerance and Crash Survivability ^{[失效連結]}, citing Society of Automotive Engineers. Indy racecar crash analysis. Automotive Engineering International, June 1999, 87–90. And National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Recording Automotive Crash Event Data 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2010-04-05.
^ Holloman Air Force Base - Fact Sheet (Printable) : 846 TS HYPERSONIC UPGRADE PROGRAM. [2015-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-17）.
^ wdc.com - Legacy Product Specifications : WD600BB 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-02-27., read 2012-01-11
^ Archived copy. [2013-07-23]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-18）.
^ Feel the G's: The Science of Gravity and G-Forces - by Suzanne Slade (page 37)
^ Woodfill, Jerry. What Did Galileo Find at Jupipter?. er.jsc.nasa.gov. NASA. [8 November 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-23）.
^ Formula 1 - Bianchi crash impact was 254g. uk.eurosport.yahoo.com. 23 July 2015. （原始内容存档于23 July 2015）.
^ Evans, M. E. G. The jump of the click beetle (Coleoptera, Elateridae)—a preliminary study. Journal of Zoology. 2009, 167 (3): 319–336. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb03115.x.
^ Archived copy (PDF). [2015-04-19]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-03）.
^ S-H Yoon; S Park. A mechanical analysis of woodpecker drumming and its application to shock-absorbing systems (PDF). Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 17 January 2011, 6 (1): 12 [10 January 2016]. Bibcode:2011BiBi....6a6003Y. PMID 21245520. S2CID 2510221. doi:10.1088/1748-3182/6/1/016003. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-10-30）.
^ Omega [2] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Ball Watch Technology （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ Cosworth V8 engine （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ S. N. Patek, W. L. Korff & R. L. Caldwell. Deadly strike mechanism of a mantis shrimp (PDF). Nature. 2004, 428 (6985): 819–820. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..819P. PMID 15103366. S2CID 4324997. doi:10.1038/428819a. ^{[永久失效連結]}
^ L-3 Communication's IEC Awarded Contract with Raytheon for Common Air Launched Navigation System. [2016-12-12]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-24）.
^ bu.edu - Rockets in Horse Poop （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 2010-12-10
^ Assuming an 8.04 gram bullet, a muzzle velocity of 350米每秒（1,100英尺每秒）, and a 102 mm barrel.
^ Patek SN, Baio JE, Fisher BL, Suarez AV. Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: Ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 22 August 2006, 103 (34): 12787–12792. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10312787P. PMC 1568925 . PMID 16924120. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604290103 .
^ Assuming an 8.04 gram bullet, a peak pressure of 240 MPa（35,000 psi） and 440 N of friction.
^ Holberg, J. B.; Barstow, M. A.; Bruhweiler, F. C.; Cruise, A. M.; Penny, A. J. Sirius B: A New, More Accurate View. The Astrophysical Journal. 1998, 497 (2): 935–942. Bibcode:1998ApJ...497..935H. doi:10.1086/305489 .
^ Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 1, Mechanics, fig. 4.1 (authors Kittel-Knight-Ruderman, 1973 edition)
^ Tibballs, J; Yanagihara, A. A; Turner, H. C; Winkel, K. Immunological and Toxinological Responses to Jellyfish Stings. Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets. 2011, 10 (5): 438–446. PMC 3773479 . PMID 21824077. doi:10.2174/187152811797200650.
^ K. McKinney and P. Mongeau, "Multiple stage pulsed induction acceleration," in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 239-242, March 1984, doi: 10.1109/TMAG.1984.1063089.
^ Calculated from their speed and radius, approximating the LHC as a circle.
^ Rosenzweig, J. B; Andonian, G; Bucksbaum, P; Ferrario, M; Full, S; Fukusawa, A; Hemsing, E; Hidding, B; Hogan, M; Krejcik, P; Muggli, P; Marcus, G; Marinelli, A; Musumeci, P; O'Shea, B; Pellegrini, C; Schiller, D; Travish, G. Teravolt-per-meter beam and plasma fields from low-charge femtosecond electron beams. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A. 2011, 653 (1): 98. Bibcode:2011NIMPA.653...98R. S2CID 118384500. arXiv:1002.1976 . doi:10.1016/j.nima.2011.01.073.

More

[1] Stanford University: Gravity Probe B, Payload & Spacecraft （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, and NASA: Investigation of Drag-Free Control Technology for Earth Science Constellation Missions. The TRIAD 1 satellite was a later, more advanced navigation satellite that was part of the U.S. Navy’s Transit, or NAVSAT system.

[2] Gundlach, J. H; Schlamminger, S; Spitzer, C. D; Choi, K. -Y; Woodahl, B. A; Coy, J. J; Fischbach, E. Laboratory Test of Newton's Second Law for Small Accelerations. Physical Review Letters. 2007, 98 (15): 150801 [2022-10-22]. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98o0801G. PMID 17501332. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.150801. （原始内容存档于2022-05-26）.

[ah-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 csel.eng.ohio-state.edu - High Acceleration and the Human Body, Martin Voshell, November 28, 2004 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期August 19, 2014，.

[BBB-4] George Bibel. Beyond the Black Box: the Forensics of Airplane Crashes. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. ISBN 0-8018-8631-7.

[5] 6 g has been recorded in the 130R turn at Suzuka circuit, Japan. [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Many turns have 5 g peak values, like turn 8 at Istanbul or Eau Rouge at Spa

[6] Archived copy. [2014-12-14]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-28）.

[7] NASA: SP-368 Biomedical Results of Apollo, Chapter 5: Environmental Factors, Table 2: Apollo Manned Space Flight Reentry G Levels

[8] Maxed out: How many gs can you pull?. New Scientist. [2017-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-23）（美国英语）.

[9] Hall, Rex; David Shayler. Soyuz, A Universal Spacecraft. Springer Praxis. 2003: 193. ISBN 978-1-85233-657-8.

[10] ReVelle, D. O.; Edwards, W. N. Stardust—An artificial, low-velocity "meteor" fall and recovery: 15 January 2006. Meteoritics and Planetary Science. 2007, 42 (2): 271. Bibcode:2007M&PS...42..271R. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00232.x .

[Sprint-11] Sprint. [2022-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-23）.

[th-12] 12.0 ^12.1 tomshardware.co.uk - Hard Drive Shock Tolerance - Hard-Disks - Storage 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2012-06-17., Physics, by O'hanian, 1989, 2007-01-03

[nhtsa.dot.gov-13] “Several Indy car drivers have withstood impacts in excess of 100 G without serious injuries.” Dennis F. Shanahan, M.D., M.P.H.: ”Human Tolerance and Crash Survivability ^{[失效連結]}, citing Society of Automotive Engineers. Indy racecar crash analysis. Automotive Engineering International, June 1999, 87–90. And National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Recording Automotive Crash Event Data 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2010-04-05.

[14] Holloman Air Force Base - Fact Sheet (Printable) : 846 TS HYPERSONIC UPGRADE PROGRAM. [2015-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-17）.

[wd600bb-15] wdc.com - Legacy Product Specifications : WD600BB 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-02-27., read 2012-01-11

[16] Archived copy. [2013-07-23]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-18）.

[17] Feel the G's: The Science of Gravity and G-Forces - by Suzanne Slade (page 37)

[18] Woodfill, Jerry. What Did Galileo Find at Jupipter?. er.jsc.nasa.gov. NASA. [8 November 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-23）.

[bianchi-19] Formula 1 - Bianchi crash impact was 254g. uk.eurosport.yahoo.com. 23 July 2015. （原始内容存档于23 July 2015）.

[20] Evans, M. E. G. The jump of the click beetle (Coleoptera, Elateridae)—a preliminary study. Journal of Zoology. 2009, 167 (3): 319–336. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb03115.x.

[21] Archived copy (PDF). [2015-04-19]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-03）.

[22] S-H Yoon; S Park. A mechanical analysis of woodpecker drumming and its application to shock-absorbing systems (PDF). Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 17 January 2011, 6 (1): 12 [10 January 2016]. Bibcode:2011BiBi....6a6003Y. PMID 21245520. S2CID 2510221. doi:10.1088/1748-3182/6/1/016003. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-10-30）.

[23] Omega [2] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Ball Watch Technology （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[24] Cosworth V8 engine （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[25] S. N. Patek, W. L. Korff & R. L. Caldwell. Deadly strike mechanism of a mantis shrimp (PDF). Nature. 2004, 428 (6985): 819–820. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..819P. PMID 15103366. S2CID 4324997. doi:10.1038/428819a. ^{[永久失效連結]}

[26] L-3 Communication's IEC Awarded Contract with Raytheon for Common Air Launched Navigation System. [2016-12-12]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-24）.

[27] u.edu - Rockets in Horse Poop （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 2010-12-10

[28] Assuming an 8.04 gram bullet, a muzzle velocity of 350米每秒（1,100英尺每秒）, and a 102 mm barrel.

[TrapJawPatek-29] Patek SN, Baio JE, Fisher BL, Suarez AV. Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: Ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 22 August 2006, 103 (34): 12787–12792. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10312787P. PMC 1568925 . PMID 16924120. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604290103 .

[30] Assuming an 8.04 gram bullet, a peak pressure of 240 MPa（35,000 psi） and 440 N of friction.

[Holberg1998-31] Holberg, J. B.; Barstow, M. A.; Bruhweiler, F. C.; Cruise, A. M.; Penny, A. J. Sirius B: A New, More Accurate View. The Astrophysical Journal. 1998, 497 (2): 935–942. Bibcode:1998ApJ...497..935H. doi:10.1086/305489 .

[32] Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 1, Mechanics, fig. 4.1 (authors Kittel-Knight-Ruderman, 1973 edition)

[33] Tibballs, J; Yanagihara, A. A; Turner, H. C; Winkel, K. Immunological and Toxinological Responses to Jellyfish Stings. Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets. 2011, 10 (5): 438–446. PMC 3773479 . PMID 21824077. doi:10.2174/187152811797200650.

[34] K. McKinney and P. Mongeau, "Multiple stage pulsed induction acceleration," in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 239-242, March 1984, doi: 10.1109/TMAG.1984.1063089.

[35] Calculated from their speed and radius, approximating the LHC as a circle.

[36] Rosenzweig, J. B; Andonian, G; Bucksbaum, P; Ferrario, M; Full, S; Fukusawa, A; Hemsing, E; Hidding, B; Hogan, M; Krejcik, P; Muggli, P; Marcus, G; Marinelli, A; Musumeci, P; O'Shea, B; Pellegrini, C; Schiller, D; Travish, G. Teravolt-per-meter beam and plasma fields from low-charge femtosecond electron beams. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A. 2011, 653 (1): 98. Bibcode:2011NIMPA.653...98R. S2CID 118384500. arXiv:1002.1976 . doi:10.1016/j.nima.2011.01.073.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

數量級 (加速度)

另見

參考

Suggest as cover photo

Thank you for helping!

Install Wikiwand

Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:

Your preferred languages

All languages

Follow Us

Don't forget to rate us

Our magic isn't perfect

Thank you for helping!

Oh no, there's been an error