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質子 (東亞政治)

質子,即政治人質。在中國春秋戰國時代,諸侯國之間為了互相取信,會互相交換人質,稱為質子。可以是任何貴族,但為了取信於對方,通常是君主的兒子作為質子而質押於他國,秦異人就是一例子。除了以平等方式互相交換人質外,亦有當弱國有求於強國諸侯時,就出現單方面送出質子的情況。

中央強權亦出於控制地方勢力的需要,會任命地方首領的親人為京官,稱任子,美言為入侍。任子表面上是一種榮耀,但實質上卻是朝廷控制的質子,中央能以質子的安全影響地方首領的決定。

當兩方勢力出現矛盾的時候,質子的安全是沒有保證的,如秦異人即被質於秦國之大敵趙國,使雙方獲取政治平衡。亦有不質嫡長子的做法,避免權力繼承出現問題。

蒙古帝國時期,蒙古大汗讓諸侯將校的子弟來大汗帳下充當人質(名義上充當宿衛),稱為禿魯花(turqaq)。這些子弟編為一個軍,稱為禿魯花軍。[1]

而以諸侯之子為質子的行為在日本亦有出現,如日本戰國大名德川家康少時,就曾去今川義元府上成為人質。

著名質子

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參見

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資料來源

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  1. ^ 《元史·兵志》:“或取诸侯将校之子弟充军,曰质子军,又曰秃鲁华军。”
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質子 (東亞政治)
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