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摩奴訶.
摩奴訶（緬甸語：မနူဟာ，孟语：မကုတရာဇာ）是緬甸直通王朝的末代君主，約1030年至1057年在位。根據孟族的傳統說法，摩奴訶是直通王朝第59代國王。[1]
1057年，蒲甘王朝的阿奴律陀在善阿羅漢的影響下改宗了上座部佛教。善阿羅漢是來自直通的孟族僧侶，他敦促阿奴律陀向直通王國求取完整的佛教三藏和佛舍利。阿奴律陀遣使到直通，使臣却遭到了直通国的羞辱，一無所獲。他以此為藉口發兵直通，圍城三月。直通城中糧食匱乏，人相食。阿奴律陀手下四將江喜陀、良宇披、牙底由、牙隆梨畢破城而入，1057年5月17日摩奴訶投降。[2][3]
摩奴訶一族與國中財寶、僧侶、工匠被遷往蒲甘，人數多達三萬。摩奴訶帶去的直通文化深刻的影響了蒲甘文化，緬文在孟文的影響下出現，最古的緬文碑銘是在1058年，即征服後的一年。蒲甘的大型寺廟大多是在此後30年的時間開始興建的。[4][5]
摩奴訶在蒲甘受到禮遇，居住於城南緬卡巴（Myinkaba）的南帕耶寺，他還建了一座摩奴訶寺。後來摩奴訶一族受命守護瑞喜宮佛塔，他的後代在良烏深受百姓的敬重。摩奴訶的一個族人死於麻風病，成為了緬甸神靈良欽。[6]
- 引用
- ^ Phayre，24–32頁
- ^ 《緬甸史》，戈·埃·哈威著，姚梓良譯，67–70頁
- ^ Htin Aung 1967，32–33頁
- ^ 《緬甸史》，戈·埃·哈威著，姚梓良譯，70–72頁
- ^ South 2003，67頁
- ^ 《緬甸史》，戈·埃·哈威著，姚梓良譯，70–72頁、133頁
- 書籍
- 《緬甸史》，戈·埃·哈威著，姚梓良譯，商務印書館，1973年6月出版
- Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. History of Burma 1967. London: Susil Gupta. 1883.
- Htin Aung, Maung. A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press. 1967.
- South, Ashley. Mon nationalism and civil war in Burma: the golden sheldrake. Routledge. 2003. ISBN 9780700716098.
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南帕耶寺
摩奴訶寺
