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挪威枫

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挪威枫
挪威枫叶
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支 蔷薇类植物 Rosids
目: 无患子目 Sapindales
科: 无患子科 Sapindaceae
属: 枫属 Acer
种:
挪威枫 A. platanoides
二名法
Acer platanoides
分佈圖
異名
列表
  • Acer cappadocicum subsp. turkestanicum (Pax) A.E.Murray
  • Acer dieckii (Pax) Pax
  • Acer dieckii f. integrilobum Schwer.
  • Acer dieckii f. monstrosum Schwer.
  • Acer fallax Pax
  • Acer laciniatum Borkh. ex Tratt.
  • Acer lactescens Pers.
  • Acer laetum var. cordifolium R.Uechtr. & Sint.
  • Acer lobelii var. dieckii Pax
  • Acer lobergii Dippel
  • Acer palmatifidum Tausch ex Steud.
  • Acer platanifolium Stokes
  • Acer reitenbachii Dippel
  • Acer rotundum Dulac
  • Acer schwedleri K.Koch
  • Acer vitifolium Opiz ex Tausch.
  • Euacer acutifolium Opiz
  • Euacer platanoides (L.) Opiz
  • Acer lipskyi Rehder ex Lipsky
  • Acer pseudolaetum Radde-Fom.
  • Acer turkestanicum Pax

挪威枫楓属落叶乔木,原产于欧洲中东部[2][3]龄最多约为250年。

形態

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挪威楓的花

树高可达20-30,树干直径最粗能到1.5米;对生,叶大,7-14厘米宽,8-20厘米长,叶缘有齿;小,3-4毫米长,花瓣5,绿色,15-30朵组成伞状花序,早春先于叶出开花;果实为双翼果种子扁圆形,直径10-15毫米,约3毫米厚,双果翼展开接近180°,3-5厘米长。 [4][5][6][7]

作用

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紫色葉子的變種

挪威枫的木材為淡黄色、硬度在楓樹中適中,詹氏硬度為1,010 lbf(4,510 N)[8],可用于建筑、家具及樂器用材[9]。挪威枫可以生长在贫瘠的土壤中,耐寒,可以抵抗城市污染,而且其秋季树叶颜色鲜艳,有黄色红色甚至深紫色的各种变种,所以被很多地方引进作为城市行道树和园林用树[5][10],但其部的分泌物可以抑制多种其他植物的生长,所以在许多地区成为外来入侵有害物种[11],甚至在北美洲(1750-1760年間作為觀賞植物引入[12])有些地区被法律禁止种植。被拿來製作楓糖漿的糖楓樹液呈透明,但外形相近的挪威楓之樹液為混濁乳白色,二者可藉此辨別[13]

北美洲有些地方,挪威楓由於有耐污染性較高,且具有高耐蔭度,常被拿來取代糖楓成為行道樹,特別是城市化較深的都會區,以因應越來越高的人類活動影響。

注释

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  1. ^ Crowley, D. & Barstow, M. Dipteronia dyeriana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017, 2017: e.T193853A2286184. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T193853A2286184.en可免费查阅. 
  2. ^ Flora Europaea: Acer platanoides distribution. [2010-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2019-10-02). 
  3. ^ Den virtuella floran: Acer platanoides distribution. [2010-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-03). 
  4. ^ Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Mitchell, A. F. (1974). A Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-212035-6
  6. ^ Mitchell, A. F. (1982). The Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-219037-0
  7. ^ Norwegian Botanical Association: Acer platanoides photos 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2009-04-02.
  8. ^ Differences Between Hard Maple and Soft Maple, The Wood Database. [2018-03-13]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-02). 
  9. ^ Norway maple (Acer platanoides) Nebraska Forest Service (PDF). [2018-03-13]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-01). 
  10. ^ Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
  11. ^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2010-11-25]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-10-12). 
  12. ^ Love, R. Introduced Species Summary Project: Norway maple (Acer platanoides). Columbia University. 2003 [2018-08-27]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-21). 
  13. ^ Acer saccharum页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。

外部链接

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挪威枫
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