指菊石
指菊石属 化石时期：
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|---|---|
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| Dactylioceras (Dactylioceras) athleticum的化石 | |
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| 指菊石的復原圖 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 纲： | 頭足綱 Cephalopoda |
| 目： | †菊石目 Ammonitida |
| 科： | †指菊石科 Dactylioceratidae |
| 亚科： | †指菊石亚科 Dactylioceratinae |
| 属： | †指菊石属 Dactylioceras Hyatt, 1867 |
| 亞屬 | |
| 異名 | |
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指菊石（學名：Dactylioceras），又名指紋菊石，是生存在早侏羅紀海洋中的一屬菊石，游速很慢。[3]牠們的化石分布廣泛，在幾乎所有大陸的地層中都有發現，被認為是有史以來最成功的菊石演化支之一。和許多其他屬的菊石一樣，指菊石在生物地層學中非常重要，是識別侏羅紀地層的關鍵指標化石。
特徵
[编辑]指菊石的外殼為反旋結構，可見許多殼階和寬淺的核心。纖細且分叉的肋條緊密地排布在圓形的腹上，分叉的指狀肋條是本屬名稱的由來。在歐洲的中世紀時期，指菊石的外殼化石被人們視為盤曲、石化的無頭蛇，稱為蛇石。[3]
分類
[编辑]目前繩菊石屬下有三至四個亞屬被認為是有效的：
- D. (Dactylioceras) Hyatt, 1867: 模式種: Ammonites communis Sowerby, 1815
- D. (Orthodactylites) Buckman, 1926: 模式種: Dactylioceras directus Buckman, 1926
- D. (Iranodactylites) Repin, 2000: 模式種: Dactylioceras (Iranodactylites) ketevanae Repin, 2000
- D. (Eodactylites) Schmidt-Effing, 1972: 模式種: Dactylioceras pseudocommune Fucini, 1935.某些學者不認可此亞屬，[4]另外一些學者則願意保留此亞屬。[5][6]
- Dactylioceras alpestre Wiedenmayer, 1980
- Dactylioceras amplum Dagis, 1968
- Dactylioceras anguiforme Buckman, 1928
- Dactylioceras anguinum Reinecke, 1818
- Dactylioceras annuliferum Simpson, 1855
- Dactylioceras arcus Buckman, 1926
- Dactylioceras athleticum Simpson, 1855
- Dactylioceras attenuatum Simpson, 1855
- Dactylioceras commune Sowerby, 1815
- Dactylioceras comptum Dagis, 1968
- Dactylioceras consimile Buckman, 1926
- Dactylioceras crassescens Simpson, 1855
- Dactylioceras crassifactum Simpson, 1855
- Dactylioceras crassiusculosum Buckman, 1912
- Dactylioceras crassiusculum Simpson, 1855
- Dactylioceras crassulum Buckman, 1921
- Dactylioceras crosbeyi Simpson, 1843
- Dactylioceras directum Buckman, 1926
- Dactylioceras ernsti Lehmann, 1968
- Dactylioceras gracile Simpson, 1843
- Dactylioceras helianthoides Yokoyama, 1904
- Dactylioceras hispansum Schmidt-Effing, 1972
- Dactylioceras hoelderi Hillebrandt & Schmidt-Effing, 1981
- Dactylioceras holandrei d'Orbigny, 1845
- Dactylioceras kanense McLearn, 1930
- Dactylioceras laticostatum Bardin et al., 2014
- Dactylioceras marioni Lissajous, 1906
- Dactylioceras mirabile Fucini, 1935
- Dactylioceras mite Buckman, 1927
- Dactylioceras peloritanum Fucini, 1935
- Dactylioceras percostatum Fucini, 1935
- Dactylioceras perplicatum Fucini, 1935
- Dactylioceras polymorphum Fucini, 1935
- Dactylioceras praepositum Buckman, 1927
- Dactylioceras pseudocommune Fucini, 1935
- Dactylioceras pseudocrassoides Maubeuge, 1957
- Dactylioceras semiannulatum Howarth, 1978
- Dactylioceras semicelatum Simpson, 1843
- Dactylioceras simplex Fucini, 1935
- Dactylioceras stresherense Sapunov, 1963
- Dactylioceras subholandrei Fucini, 1935
- Dactylioceras suntarense Krimholz, 1957
- Dactylioceras tardosensis Kovács, 2014
- Dactylioceras tauromenense Fucini, 1935
- Dactylioceras temperatum Buckman, 1927
- Dactylioceras tenuicostatum Young & Bird, 1822
- Dactylioceras toxophorum Buckman, 1926
- Dactylioceras triangulum Fischer, 1966
圖片
[编辑]-
Dactylioceras (Orthodactylites) helianthoides的化石 -
Dactylioceras (Dactylioceras) commune的化石 -
指菊石的化石
參考文獻
[编辑]- ^ Sepkoski, Jack. Sepkoski's Online Genus Database. 2002 [2014-05-28]. （原始内容存档于2016-02-25）.
- ^ Fossilworks: Dactylioceras. [2018-05-27]. （原始内容存档于2018-05-27） （英语）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Walker, Cyril; Ward, David. Fossils. Smithsonian Handbooks revised, illustrated. Dorling Kindersley. 2002: 149. ISBN 0789489848.
- ^ M. K. Howarth 2013. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L, Revised, Volume 3B, Chapter 4: Psiloceratoidea, Eoderoceratoidea, Hildoceratoidea.
- ^ Bardin, J., I. Rouget, M. Benzaggagh, F.T. Fürsich, and F. Cecca. 2014. Lower Toarcian (Jurassic) ammonites of the South Riffian ridges (Morocco): systematics and biostratigraphy. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.937204.(published online 20.08.2014).
- ^ KOVÁCS, Zoltán. "Toarcian Dactylioceratidae (Ammonitina) from the Gerecse Mts (Hungary)." (2014): 45-77.
- ^ Dactylioceras （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） on the Paleobiology Database.
外部連結
[编辑]- Dactylioceras in the Paleobiology Database
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