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拓跋沙漠汗

拓跋沙漠汗(3世紀—277年),中國三國後期至西晉初年的索頭部鮮卑人,是南北朝時期北魏所追尊的先祖之一,其父為索頭部領袖拓跋力微拓跋悉鹿拓跋綽拓跋祿官皆為其兄弟,妻封氏、側室蘭氏[1]拓跋猗㐌拓跋猗盧拓跋弗則為其子。《魏書·序記》記載沙漠汗「身長八尺,英姿瑰偉」。261年,受力微所派入曹魏質子,及西晉代曹魏,沙漠汗仍為質子,直到267年始北返歸國。275年,又至西晉,《資治通鑑》記載此行是為了入貢,然而在將回國時,西晉幽州刺史衛瓘奏請扣留沙漠汗,又用重金賄賂鮮卑各部酋長以挑撥離間。277年,沙漠汗被送回鮮卑部落,然而因沙漠汗在酋長們的宴席中以彈丸擊鳥,被認為已為中原所同化,各部酋長遂向力微進讒言,又因沙漠汗入中原為質的這段期間,力微其餘諸子受寵愛日甚,使得沙漠汗在力微的默許下被各部酋長所殺。沙漠汗被殺後,力微也十分後悔。雖沙漠汗未曾為索頭部首領,但北魏道武帝拓跋珪稱帝時,仍將其追為文皇帝。

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注释

  1. ^ 《魏書·皇后列傳》:文帝皇后封氏,生桓、穆二帝,早崩。桓帝立,乃葬焉。高宗初,穿天淵池,獲一石銘,稱桓帝葬母封氏,遠近赴會二十餘萬人。有司以聞,命藏之太廟。 次妃蘭氏,生二子,長子曰藍,早卒;次子,思帝也。
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拓跋沙漠汗
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