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拉布拉多洋流

拉布拉多洋流漩涡的照片
拉布拉多洋流地图

拉布拉多洋流Labrador Current)為一個在北大西洋的冰凍洋流由北冰洋南部沿著加拿大拉布拉多省(Labrador)岸邊,經過紐芬蘭島,再向南流向新斯科舍。拉布拉多洋流為巴芬島洋流(Baffin Island Current)及西格陵蘭洋流(West Greenland Current)的伸延。

魚場的促成

拉布拉多洋流與溫暖的墨西哥灣流紐芬蘭大淺灘相會,另外兩者亦在北卡羅萊納州外灘群島(Outer Banks)的北方再次相會。以上兩個洋流的融合形成大霧,造成全球最富饒的魚場之一。

冰山的運送

在春天及夏天早期,拉布拉多洋流運送由格陵蘭冰川而來的冰山向南至大西洋船運航線。

水溫的冷卻

拉布拉多洋流的水對加拿大近大西洋的省份及新英格蘭有冷卻效果,但其在鱈魚角南方的溫度影響並不明顯。以上的情況可以由北方林木線(tree line)比較西伯利亞歐洲或加拿大西部更南15度的現象觀察到。

流量及流速的轉變

拉布拉多洋流的流量被認為含有大量正壓成分。早期(1978年)估計認為洋流可能因為顯著的正壓流量成分比以地轉(geostrophic)估計的強勁30%[1]。(1988年)的計算顯示拉布拉多洋流的正壓流量為7.6百萬立方米/秒(即斯維爾德魯普, Sv),而地轉流量只為4.1Sv(由國際冰情巡邏隊(International Ice Patrol, IIP)資料得出)[2]。如果地轉流量只增加30%(因為正壓成分),則流量應該只為5.3Sv,所以其高流量被認為是包含由深水繫泊得出的深海洋流。拉布拉多洋流在大陸棚外緣的流速約為0.3-0.5 ms-1[2][3]。包括正壓成分後,拉布拉多洋流大陸棚分支的流量為3Sv,而坡度分支流量為16Sv。拉布拉多洋流的近岸分支闊度約為100公里,深度為150公里。拉布拉多洋流流經阿瓦隆海峽(Avalon Channel)後在弗萊明角(Flemish Cap)分開,其軌跡可以用衛星的浮標軌跡觀察到[4]。在弗萊明海峽(Flemish Pass)中,有報告指出拉布拉多洋流闊度減至50公里,流速為25 ms-1,但報告認為實際應該是30 ms-1[4]

參見

參考資料

  1. ^ Hayes, R., and R. Robe, 1978: Oceanography of the Grand Banks region of Newfoundland in 1973, Oceanogr. Rep., U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C., CG373-73, 436 pp.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Greenberg, D.A., and B.D. Petrie, 1988: The mean barotropic circulation on the Newfoundland Shelf and Slope, Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 15541-15550.
  3. ^ Reynaud, T.H., A.J. Weaver, and R.J. Greatbatch, 1995: Summer mean circulation of the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 779-816.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Petrie, B., and A. Isenor, 1985: The near-surface circulation and exchange in the Newfoundland Grand Banks region, Atmosphere-Ocean, 23(3), 209-227.

外部連結

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拉布拉多洋流
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