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抽薹

菜薹由节间伸长的花序梗构成
抽薹的莴苣,类似菜薹
开始抽薹(花序梗)的剑麻
韭薹是韭菜花莛,从地面抽出

抽薹(英語:bolting)是指某些具有基部簇生叶的植物产生花茎的过程或时期。[1]此花茎往往由节间迅速伸长的花序梗构成(如菜薹莴苣),或者仅由伸长的花序梗构成(如剑麻芦荟),若花序梗直接从地表抽出则称为花莛(如蒜薹韭薹)。植株长出花茎,一般都是在营养生长到一定阶段后,在適合的温度及日照下,转变到生殖生长,通过花芽分化,花茎从叶簇中迅速伸长植株抽高,接着开花;而一阵低温可使植株提早抽薹,来不及收成。

抽薹的植株会将养分资源从产生人类可食用部分的叶或根,转用到了花茎长成,使需要收获营养器官的作物的风味和质地产生变化甚至枯萎,造成低质量的收成。以白菜为例,通常需冬天低温刺激,才能自叶簇中抽出花茎进而开花,所以对于这种以采收叶子为主的蔬菜而言,最好是抽薹前就收成,食用口感较佳。

容易抽薹的作物包括莴苣罗勒甜菜蕓薹屬白菜甘蓝油菜)、菠菜芹菜洋葱韭菜[2]。但此花茎亦可采来当蔬菜食用,例如:蒜薹韭薹

參考文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ Stefan Buczacki & Keith Harris. Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants. Collins. 1998: 604–5. ISBN 0-00-220063-5. 
  2. ^ Bolting in vegetables. The Royal Horticultural Society 2018. [2021-05-07]. (原始内容存档于2015-06-21). 
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抽薹
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