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折獄龜鑑.
《折狱龟鉴》又名《决狱龟鉴》,是南宋人郑克所著的案例集。绍兴三年(1133年)下诏恤刑,鄭克在五代时期和凝父子所著的《疑狱集》基础上创作完成《折狱龟鉴》。[1]
是書以《疑狱集》为底本,增加了很多条目。故事多见於正史,或出于墓志,更附益宋朝故事。辑录自春秋、战国,至北宋大观、政和年间有关断狱量刑的案例270余条,390余事,並逐条加以评述。许多条目之末,附有郑克的按语。內容分为〈释冤〉(上、下)、〈辨诬〉、〈鞫情〉、〈议罪〉、〈宥过〉、〈惩恶〉、〈察奸〉、〈核奸〉、〈擿奸〉、〈察慝〉、〈证慝〉、〈钩慝〉、〈察盗〉、〈迹盗〉、〈谲盗〉、〈察贼〉、〈迹贼〉、〈谲贼〉、〈严明〉、〈矜谨〉等20类。[1] 明代《永乐大典》载有全书,但各卷界限已不可考。清代四库館臣曾加以校订,重新整理,分为8卷。清人胡文炳在该书基础上写成了《折狱龟鉴补》,計案情719則,約26萬字[2]。
晁公武《郡斋读书志》称其「依刘向《晏子春秋》,举其纲要为之目录,体例井然」。《四库全書總目提要》亦称其「究悉物情,用于见闻而资触发,较和氏父子之书,特为赅备」。《折狱龟鉴》虽以《疑狱集》为基础,但文字上有所改动,甚至情节上也不尽相同,明顯有個人再創作的色彩。[來源請求]
该书提出了「情迹论」,情指案情真相,迹指痕迹、物证,主张通过物证来推断案情真相,並反对「深文峻法,务为苛刻」。情迹论是物证理论出现的标志。本書「所辑故事,务求广博」,故不免有迷信的思想,還有鼓吹因果报应之說。[來源請求]
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