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抗蛇毒血清

抗蛇毒血清
身體中擠出毒液以生產抗蛇毒血清
臨床資料
其他名稱antivenin、antivenene
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
给药途径注射
ATC碼
识别信息
ChemSpider

抗蛇毒血清是一种治疗因咬伤和蜇伤(例如被蜘蛛咬伤、被蛇咬伤、被鱼蜇伤和被蝎子蜇伤[1] )而感染毒液的特异性药物,內有抗體,且抗蛇毒血清有嚴重副作用,例如血清病呼吸困难過敏性休克,因此除非毒液毒性很高,一般情況下不推薦使用。[2]

抗蛇毒血清傳統製作過程是先通过收集相关动物的毒液[3],然後将少量的毒液注射到家畜身上,使得家畜產生抗體,然后从家畜的血液中收集抗体并进行纯化。[3]由于生产抗蛇毒血清的成本较高,且在不冷藏的情况下保质期较短,目前研究人員正在积极探索更好的生产抗蛇毒血清的方法。[4]

人類從19世纪末開始研制抗蛇毒血清,最早由法国细菌学家阿尔贝·卡尔梅特研发[5][6]。在台灣,毒蛇血清則由杜聰明教授在20世紀30~60年代發展普及。[7]20世纪50年代,全球抗蛇毒血清开始普及。[3][8]目前抗蛇毒血清被列入世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单[9]

參考資料

[编辑]
  1. ^ British national formulary : BNF 69 69. British Medical Association. 2015: 43. ISBN 9780857111562. 
  2. ^ World Health Organization. Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR , 编. WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. 2009: 396–397. ISBN 9789241547659. hdl:10665/44053. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Dart, Richard C. Medical Toxicology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2004: 250–251. ISBN 9780781728454. (原始内容存档于2017-01-09) (英语). 
  4. ^ Recent Advances in Next Generation Snakebite Antivenoms. [2021-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-31). 
  5. ^ Hawgood, B. J. Doctor Albert Calmette 1863-1933: founder of antivenomous serotherapy and of antituberculous BCG vaccination. Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology. 1999-09, 37 (9): 1241–1258 [2021-02-10]. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 10400286. doi:10.1016/s0041-0101(99)00086-0. (原始内容存档于2020-11-16). 
  6. ^ Antivenom. Smithsonian Institution. [2021-02-10]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-12) (英语). 
  7. ^ 楊玉齡、羅時成. 蛇毒研究播種者-杜聰明. 遠見雜誌. 1996-02-15 [2023-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2023-11-24). 
  8. ^ Gad, Shayne Cox. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. John Wiley & Sons. 2007: 692. ISBN 9780470117101. (原始内容存档于2017-01-09) (英语). 
  9. ^ World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. hdl:10665/325771可免费查阅. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 
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抗蛇毒血清
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