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扣押 (刑事訴訟)

扣押(英語:Seizure)是刑事訴訟中的一種強制處分,指法院或偵查機關為了避免證據滅失,或依法應予以沒收之物,由公权力強制解除原持有人的持有狀態,並由政府進行暫時進行保管或依法銷毀。扣押通常伴隨著搜索而來,也就是偵查機關搜索到相關證據物後立即予以扣押,此時的扣押就無需使用押票;否則,由於扣押侵害人民的財產權,因此原則上須遵守令狀主義

類型

令狀主義

扣押主要的目的在於保全證據,或查獲可得沒收之物。而由於扣押多半附隨於搜索而來,因此搜索票上如已記載「應扣押之物」者,即屬於有令狀英语Warrant (law)之扣押;除非扣押是伴隨著無令狀搜索進行,才會是「無令狀扣押」。

附帶扣押、另案扣押

所謂「附帶扣押」是指在搜索的過程中,偶然發現搜索票上未記載、與本案有關聯的證物,因而將之扣押者;至於發現的證物如果是跟本案無關的、屬於他案的證據的,則稱作「另案扣押」。在美国,《聯邦刑事訴訟規則》對於附帶扣押、另案扣押有著所謂一目了然法則英语Plain view doctrine,也就是兩者的範圍僅限於搜索現場肉眼可及之物;如脫離搜索範圍而扣得之物,就有可能構成非法扣押,而面臨無證據能力的後果,即該證物無法呈堂證供。

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扣押 (刑事訴訟)
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