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扎萨克图图们汗

圖們
第37代蒙古大汗
統治1557年—1592年
前任達赉遜
繼任布延
出生1539年
逝世1592年
子嗣布延、宰桑兀儿、伯颜户儿、把哈委正、额参、先银、烧花、佰太、布彦兔等11子
尊号
扎萨克图汗
政权蒙古韃靼
父親達赉遜

圖們蒙古语ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ西里尔字母Түмэн;1539年—1592年),尊号扎萨克图汗蒙古语ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠲᠤ
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
西里尔字母Засагт хаан),蒙古大汗察哈尔部第三任统治者。

圖們是库登汗達赉遜的儿子,1557年继位。驻牧察哈尔万户,在西拉木伦河流域游牧。在他统治期间,为了重振正统蒙古可汗早已傍落的皇权,重新统一蒙古诸部,曾采取组阁的办法于左右各三万户中选人担任“执政理事”,颁布法典形成蒙古内政外交的统一,故被称为「扎萨克图」(蒙古的法典称为扎萨,扎萨克图的意思就是法典的制定者)。

对内他任命左右翼五人执政,《萨拉图吉》(大黄册)记载:他“召集六万户,制定了大法。于左翼三万户中,令阿穆岱·洪台吉,喀尔喀之苏巴海·卫征,右翼三万户之鄂尔多斯库图克台·彻辰洪台吉、阿速特之诺木达喇·古拉齐·诺颜、土默特之阿穆岱·楚噜克洪台吉等人执政”。此为清代蒙古扎薩克制度的原型。

强盛时他有六万铁骑,对外征服了达斡尔和额里克特人(鄂温克族的祖先)。他还多次入侵明朝边界,明朝称之为土蛮。由于他在位三十餘年,明朝将察哈尔蒙古也称为土蛮。他纠合察哈尔、内喀尔喀乌济叶特诸部,多次攻打明朝蓟镇、辽东。被明朝辽东总兵李成梁击败。1576年,皈依藏传佛教格鲁派,曾经请三世达赖喇嘛到察哈尔传教,然而没有成行。组织人力翻译《甘珠尔经》。去世后,其子布延继位。

参考文献

[编辑]
前任:
達赉遜
蒙古大汗
1557年—1592年
繼任:
布延
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扎萨克图图们汗
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