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房角石

房角石屬
化石时期:470–425 Ma
中奧陶世–文洛克階英语Wenlock (Silurian)
Cameroceras inaequabile的化石
藝術家筆下的復原圖:一隻房角石正在捕食鬆卷角石,一旁有些許Cyclostomiceras角石游著
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲: 頭足綱 Cephalopoda
目: 內角石目 Endocerida
科: 內角石科 Endoceratidae
属: 房角石屬 Cameroceras
Conrad英语Timothy Abbott Conrad, 1842
模式種
Cameroceras trentonense
Conrad, 1842

見內文

房角石學名Cameroceras)是一滅絕鸚鵡螺類。生存在奧陶紀中期勞倫大陸波羅的大陸西伯利亞大陸周遭的海洋[1][2]。巨大的房角石長度約為9米(30英尺),不過這個估計值的準確性仍有爭議。即使如此,房角石仍然是古生代最巨大的无脊椎动物。從牠巨大的身軀來推測,房角石是一種生活在深海的伏擊型掠食者,可能以生活在同時期海域的三葉蟲海蠍頭足綱無頜魚為食。房角石於奧陶紀-志留紀滅絕事件後絕種,僅有少數存活至志留紀文洛克階英语Wenlock (Silurian)[2]。 然而最近的研究表明房角石其实是滤食性动物。

描述

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房角石屬於頭足綱下的鸚鵡螺亞綱,和章魚魷魚花枝等現生的頭足類為近親。透過這些現存的頭足綱動物,尤其是同樣具有殼的鸚鵡螺,科學家得以推敲出房角石的外型與習性。房角石擁有頭部觸鬚,身體與大部分的器官長在圓錐狀的殼內。房角石會利用這些觸手捕捉獵物,並送入被觸手環繞形似鸚鵡喙的吻部,堅硬的喙部可以咬穿獵物的外殼,房角石口的內部可能同樣具有齒舌,可以用來刮取獵物身上的軟組織與內臟

體型

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從房角石殼的化石碎片推斷,房角石殼的長度(不包含頭與觸手部分)可達9米(30英尺),然而之後又將此數值下修[3]。1995年 Frey 估計房角石的全長僅有6米(20英尺)[2]。但不管是何種估計,房角石都被認為是古生代最大型的軟體動物

物種

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  • Cameroceras alternatum
  • Cameroceras hennepini
  • Cameroceras inaequabile
  • Cameroceras inopinatum
  • Cameroceras stillwaterense
  • Cameroceras trentonense

大眾文化

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BBC製作的《海底霸王》第1集第七危險海洋中出現,以巨型羽翅鱟為食。節目中的房角石被描述擁有很差的視力,僅能依靠嗅覺尋找獵物。

參考文獻

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  1. ^ Fossilworks: Cameroceras. [2018-05-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-28) (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Frey, R.C. 1995. Middle and Upper Ordovician nautiloid cephalopods of the Cincinnati Arch region of Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio. (PDF). [2018-08-09]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-05-01).  U.S. Geological Survey, p.73
  3. ^ Teichert C and B Kummel. Size of Endocerid Cephalopods. Breviora Mus. Comp. Zool. 1960, 128: 1–7. 
  • Flower, Rousseau H. 1955. Status of Endoceroid Classification. Journal of Paleontology 29: 329–371.
  • Haines, Tim, & Chambers, Paul. 2005. The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life. BBC Books, London.
  • Sweet, Walter C. Cephalopoda—General Features in Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K, Mollusca 3. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press. Page K5.
  • Teichert, C. 1964. Endoceratoidea in Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K, Mollusca 3. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press. Page K174.
  • Teichert, C., and B. Kümmel 1960, Size of Endocerid Cephalopods; Breviora Mus. Comp. Zool. No. 128, 1–7.
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房角石
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