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成人年龄

成人年龄(2022):
  21
  20
  19
  18*
  17
  16
*苏格兰的成人年龄是16岁,但是在英国其他地区是18岁

成人年龄是属于在法律内,一种为了与成年人未成年人之间分清楚界限的其中一种定义。这是从按时间顺序排列来说,当未成年人到达了不再具有法律条文被认定为是儿童,并承担了他们的人、行动和决策实施控制,从而终止父母或监护人监护未成年人而受法律控制的责任。有很多国家把法定年龄都定义在18岁的年龄阶段。其中,“法定年龄”的“法定”二字指的是满足或超过该周岁的年龄,与未成年人是一个相对的概念。但在某些国家内的部分法律,可能不会使用“法定年龄”此术语来制定这样赐予成年人与未成年人年龄地段的法律地位。其中,法定年龄是固定的观念和准则,然而这一个观念不一定代表一个人的真实心理会导致成熟。虽然一个人到达合法年龄时,能享受任何权利或义务,但这些权利或义务也受到一定程度的法律限制(不是无政府状态)。例如参选什么高等职位的权利,都是有设定年龄的限制。

扩展理解

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法定年龄很容易被“合法年龄”这个东西混淆。[1]虽然两者都是属于成年人与非成年人的门槛区分,但在广泛含义来说,“法定年龄”此词语更有绝对程度上的含义。在法律术语上说,“合法”就是代表“证明”的含义,而且它可以牵涉一个法定强制性执行的权利和特权。但合法年龄指的是当其中一个人达到指定年龄时,在有合法证明的情况下,可以从政府中获取合法的权利去做一些东西。而法定年龄指的是一种合法认识一个人从未成年人成长为成年人的階段。[2]

法定年龄只是单独属于控制一个人获取自由、行动和决定的权利。包括家长或监护人,在过孩子的人(一般事务代替父母的人)也有权利终止相关的控制法律责任。

几乎所有的司法权都是自动地授予在已结婚的人脱离未成年人的权利,但从大多数来说,在现役武装部队的一部分未成年人都是有脱离未成年人的权利。[3]

法定年龄的不同国家定义

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15

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16

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17

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18

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19

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20

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  • 新西兰 纽西兰[62](虽然纽西兰当地国家法律规定20岁是成年人年龄,也是進入賭場的最低年龄,但与在其他国家大多数成年人的年龄授予最多权利的其中一个国家。例如在没有得到父母许可的情况下就结婚,到酒吧買酒、買彩票、订立具有约束力的劳动合同,投票和选举权的都是定义在18岁。[63] 在16歲已可考學習性駕照筆試,16.5歲考限制性駕照路試,18歲拿正式駕照)
  • 泰国 泰國
  • 突尼西亞 突尼斯[64]

21

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成人年龄
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