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慈利楚简

慈利楚简,是指1987年在湖南省张家界市慈利县零阳镇石板村的M36号楚墓中发现的战国竹简,共有1000余枚(已经残断成4000余片),21000余字,现藏于湖南省文物考古研究所。其中部分简文内容可与《逸周书·大武》、《国语·吴语》对勘,又可能是《管子》、《宁越子》等书的佚文或者其他的古佚书。由于竹简严重损坏,挖掘出后长时间未公开发表整理成果。[1]

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出土该竹简的墓葬的年代推断为战国中期前段,墓主为大夫一级官员。竹简放置在头箱北侧,裹在淤泥里,压在漆尊和陶壶之间,共计4557支残简,其中简头有817件,另有头尾难辩者27件,但由于破损过于严重,已经无法观察楔口和编联情况。竹简中保存最长者36厘米,短者不足1厘米。竹简均较薄,一般厚1.2厘米,宽4.7厘米。[1][2]

数量较多的是《国语·吴语》简,简头现状为圆弧形,完整的简应当长46厘米、宽0.5厘米,每简50字。其它为《宁越子》佚文,长26厘米、宽0.5厘米,每简40字,毛笔墨书,书法精美。由于淤泥渗入竹简内部,字迹模糊不清,残损严重,出土至今己二十多年,尚未整理发表。但经辨析,简文中提及黄池之盟、吴越争霸,因此可以判断是记事性史书,记有吴、越、楚等国的史料。[1][3][4][5]

简本《逸周书·大武》有两种写本,一种字体方正,类似楷书,一种则结构随意,略显潦草。简本和今本《大武》有差异,如《四库备要》本《逸周书·大武》开篇作“武有六制:政、攻、侵、伐、搏、战”,《北堂书钞》引《大武》则是“武有七制:一曰征、二曰攻、三曰侵、四曰伐、五曰阵、六曰战、七曰斗”,而简本则作“武有七制:征、攻、侵、伐、搏、战、斗”。[1]

参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 张春龙《慈利楚简概述》,《新出简帛研究》,文物出版社,2004年。
  2. ^ 论慈利楚简的性质
  3. ^ 1990年《文物》杂志第6期刊《湖南慈利石板村36号墓战国墓发掘简报》
  4. ^ 湖南慈利出土楚简内容辨析
  5. ^ 慈利竹书《国语·吴语》初探[失效連結]
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慈利楚简
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