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意大利语字母.
意大利语字母,又譯意大利語正字法,指的是意大利共和國官方所規定的一套標準字母系統,為古羅馬字母最直系的繼承者。意大利语字母非常重視調和,以意大利中部的佛羅倫薩方言為基礎,將可讀性和文學性進行了細節修正,能精確表達出標準意大利語的口語、寫作、詩詞、專用名詞及科學詞彙,但不一定能完美適應其它意大利方言或古拉丁語的書寫。
按照用意大利語的書寫習慣,這套正字法採用了26個拉丁字母,但意大利語只需要用到其中的21個,這21個字母與羅馬帝國時期的拉丁語字母完全相同,没有任何改动;另外五個不会用到的字母是J、K、W、X、Y,它们是专门用來表示外來語的,在意大利语中则不会使用。在意大利語正字法的規範下,書面意大利語可以非常規則、簡潔且優雅,幾乎完全是全音素文字,其字母和發音能一一對應,不會像英語和漢語一樣出現口語和書面語分離的狀況。
由21个字母组成,另外还包括包含变音符号的四个字母:
其中 J K W X Y 五个字母主要用来拼写外来单词。
主要的例外是重音位置和元音質量(對於 ⟨e⟩ 和 ⟨o⟩)沒有標註,⟨s⟩ 和 ⟨z⟩ 可能是濁音或非濁音,⟨i⟩ 和 ⟨u⟩ 可能代表元音或半元音,除了二合字母 ⟨ch⟩ 和 ⟨gh⟩(用於 ⟨e⟩ 和 ⟨i⟩ 之前的硬音 ⟨c⟩ 和 ⟨g⟩ 之外,在極少數情況下使用 無聲⟨h⟩ 。
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