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快速增强

颱風瑪利亞正在快速增強。

氣象學上,快速增強(英語:Rapid intensification)是指某熱帶氣旋在短時間內剧烈增強的现象。美國國家颶風中心將“快速增強”界定為熱帶氣旋的最大持續風速在24小時內,增加最少30節(每小時35英哩或每小時55公里)[1]

必要條件

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外在因素

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備以下條件,才会产生快速增強的熱帶氣旋。首先,水溫必須非常溫暖(接近或高於30 °C,86 °F),同时海水必須有深度足夠到海浪无法將較冷的海水上翻到海面。其次,風切變必須微弱;當風切變強烈時,氣旋中的對流和環流將被破壞[2]

內在因素

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通常風暴上方的對流層上層也必須存在反氣旋——目的是幫助極低表面壓力的發展,在風暴的眼牆裏,空氣必然會迅速上升,而上層反氣旋亦有助將這些空氣有效地引導離開氣旋[3]熱塔的發展與熱帶氣旋的快速增強有關,在不同的洋盆上的关系有所区别[4]

此前的術語和定義

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美國國家颶風中心曾将“熱帶氣旋的最低氣壓在24小時內降低42毫巴(1.240英寸汞柱)”定义为「快速深化」(英語:Rapid deepening[5]。现在的“快速增強”定義取代了此定义,定义為“熱帶氣旋的最大持續風速在24小時內增加最少30節(35英里每小時;55公里每小時)”[1]

參見

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參考資料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 National Hurricane Center. Glossary of NHC Terms. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. 2013-03-25 [2014-04-01]. (原始内容存档于2014-04-01). 
  2. ^ Lam, Linda. Multiple Factors Allowed Hurricane Patricia to Rapidly Intensify. The Weather Channel. 2015-10-23 [2018-08-06]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-19). 
  3. ^ Diana Engle. Hurricane Structure and Energetics. Data Discovery Hurricane Science Center. [2008-10-26]. (原始内容存档于2008-05-27). 
  4. ^ Zhuge, Xiao-Yong; Ming, Jie; Wang, Yuan. Reassessing the Use of Inner-Core Hot Towers to Predict Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification*. Weather and Forecasting. October 2015, 30 (5): 1265–1279. Bibcode:2015WtFor..30.1265Z. doi:10.1175/WAF-D-15-0024.1. 
  5. ^ National Hurricane Center/Tropical Prediction Center. Glossary of NHC/TPC Terms. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. 2005-02-07 [2014-04-01]. (原始内容存档于2005-10-17). 
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快速增强
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