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德方鼎

德方鼎

德方鼎西周早期,中国国宝级青铜器,现收藏于上海博物馆。该鼎铭文24字,为中国的文字演化史提供了资料,对历史学考古学文字学的研究具有极高的价值。

器形

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德方鼎是青铜器中的饪食器,铸于西周成王年间,通高24.4厘米,口纵14.2厘米,口横18厘米。口沿的两边,有两只立耳,折沿浅腹、柱足细长。鼎的腹饰为兽面纹,两侧的龙形纹以细雷纹为地,足上端饰牛首纹,纹饰十分清晰规整。

铭文

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德方鼎銘文

在它的腹内底部,铸有铭文24字,隶定为:

惟三月 王在成周 延武王福自蒿 咸 王易德贝廿朋 用作宝尊彝

铭文记载了周成王在东都成周武王举行祭祀一事,因掌管祭祀的贵族“德”受到成王认可,赏赐给他20串珍贵的贝壳。德之后铸造礼器以示荣耀于后人,此鼎即在其中,此外还有一圆鼎——德鼎(现收藏于上海博物馆)。其中,“蒿”即是“镐”,现今陕西西安附近,周武王灭商后在此建都。“成周”,在现今洛阳附近,武王的继任成王诏令召公和周公在此建立东都,从而加强对东部地区的统治。这些铭文不仅证实了文献的记载,还弥补了记载的不足。[1]

德方鼎中的铭文有些字有所简化,比如“德”在铭文中由双立人和直组成,表示行为端直;而同时代的另一个德字,下面又加了心,表意更为抽象。郭沫若推测周代时繁形的字体和简化字都在社会使用。

參考資料

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  1. ^ 上海博物馆副馆长李朝远 言
  • 国宝档案 德方鼎 CCTV-4 2005年11月21日首播
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德方鼎
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