For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 德利尔温标.

德利尔温标

德利尔温标(英語:Delisle scale,符号为°D)是1732年由法国天文学家约瑟夫-尼古拉斯·德利尔(1688-1768)发明的一种温标[1]。该温标最早将水的沸点定于零度,然后将水银体积随温度降低收缩十万分之一定为一个间隔。

历史

[编辑]

1725年德利尔受彼得大帝邀请,到圣彼得堡建立天文台[2]。1732年,他以水银为工作流体制造了温度计,这样可以保证在彼得堡的低温下仍可使用。德利尔温标只有一个定点,他将水的沸点定为零度,精确测量了水银在此温度下的体积,然后继续测量水银体积随温度下降的收缩率,以十万分之一为间隔在温度计上标出[1]。圣彼得堡冬季的低温在德利尔温度计上往往显示着水银收缩了十万分之两千五[3]

1738年约西亚斯·维特布莱奇特(1702-1747)改进了德利尔温标,他保持以水的沸点为零度,发现在水的冰点时,水银大约收缩150/10,0000,于是定冰点为150度。他将自己制造的德利尔温度计寄给了多名学者,包括安德斯·摄尔修斯[1]。这就是为什么摄氏温标最早是将水的沸点定为0度,冰点定为100度。摄尔修斯去世后,在卡尔·林奈等人的建议下,才改成了今日的设定[4]

温标之间的转换

[编辑]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Camuffo, Dario. Improved Understanding of Past Climatic Variability from Early Daily European Instrumental Sources. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2002: 314. 
  2. ^ John Lankford (编). History of Astronomy: An Encyclopedia. 1997: 191. 
  3. ^ W. E. Knowles Middleton. A history of the thermometer and its use in meteorology. Johns Hopkins Press. 1966: 88. 
  4. ^ Gunnar Tibell (编). Linnaeus' thermometer. Uppsala Universitet. 2008 [2013-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2013-09-27). 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
德利尔温标
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?