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御書處

御书处,位于紫禁城西南、西华门内南侧,原是清朝内务府下属机构之一,后来划归武英殿修书处

简介

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御书处原名“文书馆”,顺治朝设在西华门内路南。康熙二十九年,改称“御书处”。[1]内务府册》载,“御书处在西华门内南,共房四十三楹。康熙二十九年立。初名文书馆,后改今名。恭刻御制诗文法帖之属。”《钦定总管内务府现行则例》载,“御书处监造官员专司钩摹御笔、镌刻、拓印、制墨及朱锭等事。”[2]

御书处于道光三年四月遭火灾焚毁。《清宣宗实录》载,“道光三年四月,御书处弗戒于火。”《内务府奏销档》载:“拆毁房十间。”《钦定总管内务府现行则例》载,道光二十三年奏明裁撤御书处,归并武英殿管理。[2]道光二十三年,御书处划归武英殿修书处[1]

御书处负责拓刻、临摹皇帝诗文、法帖手迹、造朱墨等等。下设刻字、托裱、制墨、墨刻四个作房。御书处设有库掌、委署司匠、柏唐阿等官员十二人,匠役一百十八人。同治光绪年间,仍然存有“墨刻”、“拓刷作”或者“御书处”等等称谓,这说明上述作房仍保留。[1]

《国朝官史续编》载:“世祖御笔‘正大光明’殿匾,圣祖摹勒上石,迹藏御书处。”奉清朝乾隆四十五年谕旨,御书处还刻成《御定补刻明代端石兰亭图帖》。[2]

清朝的御墨是专供奉皇帝书写用的墨。御墨有两种:一种署“御用”款,是内务府御书处墨作所制的墨品,烟料属上选,但造墨法远不及徽州墨工造诣之精湛;另一种署“御墨”款,是御书处按照纹样,向安徽等地的墨工定制之墨。[3]

军机处藏紫禁城各门图》注:御书处东为乾肉库[2]如今,御书处及乾肉库等建筑均已无存。

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 杨玉良,武英殿修书处及内府修书各馆,故宫博物院院刊1990年01期
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 清宫述闻:正续编合编本,紫禁城出版社,1990年,第401-403页
  3. ^ 书房珍玩精品展 再现中国古人书房雅韵,北青网,2010-07-09 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2013-10-14.
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御書處
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